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THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS 


Dedicated to 
THE THREE 


May they be as wise as Athene 
and as constant as Demeter in 
their search for a happy and 
a useful life 



Though you are wearied yet shall you hold your burden 
Thus shall the earth and s\y be held apart 
















































THE COUNCIL 

OF THE 

GODS 

v 4dW A '' By 

W. RUTH HARSHAW 



Illustrations by 
NICOLAS KAISSAROFF 

THOMAS S. ROCKWELL COMPANY—CHICAGO 
1931 













COPYRIGHT, 1931, BY 
THOMAS S. ROCKWELL COMPANY 
CHICAGO 


*> 


•1 it 


Printed in United States of America 

40599 ^ 

-3 1931 ' 


©CIA 

AUG 



MM- 


FOREWORD 


^5 




A BACKGROUND of sympathetic understanding 
for Greek life and thought is an important part 
of every child’s social heritage. An essential ingredient 
of this background is some familiarity with Greek myth¬ 
ology. This mythology is so rich, and the gods and 
demigods are so numerous, that many a child finds him¬ 
self confused rather than entranced when he first enters 
this realm. 

There is a need, therefore, for a book which will give 
children a simple but accurate understanding of the 
gods of ancient Greece. It must hold the children’s 
interest if it is to be of any value, and must have the 
^savor of the Greek classics. The Council of the Gods 
is such a book. 

The writer of the book, Ruth Harshaw, is unusually 
well qualified for the undertaking. Having been a 
teacher, principal, and supervisor in the Winnetka 
schools, she has seen clearly the need for it and the inade¬ 
quacy of extant materials. Both as teacher and mother 
she had the touch with childhood that is necessary to 
make the book fit children’s requirements and interests. 


vii 


FOREWORD 


She has the scholarship and thoroughness to give the 
classicist confidence in the authenticity of her work. And 
fortunately she has the literary ability needed for any 
attempt to give children a feeling for Greek literature. 

To use Mrs. Harshaw’s own words, “The story stands 
upon three legs like the tripods of ancient Greece. The 
first is interest. It is hoped that the story is interesting 
enough to hold any child to the end. The second is 
knowledge. When a child has read the story he should 
have a unified picture of the system of Greek mythology. 
The third is atmosphere. The story should give him a 
feeling for Homeric atmosphere, for without that these 
ancient deities are without meaning. If this third leg 
stands firmly then the child will enjoy the excerpts from 
the classical poetry which precede and are related to 
each chapter.” 

By looking at the old story of Persephone through the 
eyes of the gods rather than those of mortals Mrs. Har- 
shaw has found a clever means of making each god stand 
out as an individual. 

She has not, it is true, told all about the gods, for it 
is her feeling, together with many other educators, that 
only those facts about the gods which contribute to their 
dignity and beauty have any place in the education of 
the young. What she does tell, however, is based on 
the best source material, is accurate in detail, and it is 
always interesting and vital. 

viii 


FOREWORD 


The fifth grades in the Winnetka schools have served 
as a testing laboratory to determine the book’s value and 
interest to children. Their verdict has been enthusiastic¬ 
ally favorable. 

The book is written in response to a genuine need. I 
believe it fills that need, and that children reading it will 
find that it makes other books and stories of Greek life 
and thought clearer, more interesting and meaningful. 

Carleton Washburne 


ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 


I GRATEFULLY acknowledge my debt to the fol¬ 
lowing for the privilege of using their copyright 
translations: 

My greatest debt is to George Allen and Unwin, Ltd., 
for Andrew Lang’s translations of the Homeric Hymns. 
This story follows as closely as possible the story as 
told in the Homeric Hymn to Demeter, and the excerpts 
from Andrew Lang’s translation add greatly to the 
value of the book. 

I am indebted to the following for more brief excerpts 
from copyright translations: 

MacMillan for Butcher and Lang’s translation of 
Homer’s Odyssey; David McKay for translation of 
Homer’s Iliad from Murray’s Manual of Mythology, and 
for a translation of one of the Homeric Hymns from 
Bulfinch’s Age of Fable; Oxford Press for Night in the 
Valley, translated by J. A. Pott; J. W. McKail’s transla¬ 
tion of Homer’s Odyssey, and C. S. Caverly’s translation 
of Theocritus from Livingstone’s The Pageant of Greece. 

Ruth Harshaw. 


CONTENTS 


I Zeus Looks Down From Olympus 23 

II Hermes, the Swift-Footed Messenger 33 

III Hera in the Palace of Ivory and Gold 37 

IV Poseidon, Ruler of the Sea 45 

V Artemis, Goddess of the Hunt 61 

VI Athene and Ares in Conflict 71 

VII Aphrodite on Her Sacred Island 81 

VIII Hermes Visits Hephaestus 89 

IX Hermes Seeks Phoebus Apollo 99 

X Hestia Before Her Sacred Hearth 107 

XI Iris Seeks Demeter 113 

XII Demeter Sits Apart 121 

XIII The Gods Bid Demeter Return 131 

XIV Hermes Goes to Pluto’s Kingdom 141 

XV Demeter and Persephone 155 

XVI Demeter Returns to Olympus 165 

XVII The End of the Olympic Council 177 

XVIII The Banquet of the Gods 187 

Index—Glossary 195 

xi 






















LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 


THOUGH YOU ARE WEARIED yet shall you hold 


your burden frontispiece 

HIGH HEAVEN the footstool of his feet he makes 27 

NEAR HIS QUEEN her watchful peacock spreads 
his thousand eyes 39 

OLD PROTEUS SMILED as Hermes appeared; then 
Triton blew a sea-shell blast 48-49 

HE YOKES TO THE CHARIOT his swift steeds 
and himself drives over the waves 56-67 

SHE DRAWS HER GOLDEN BOW, sending forth 
shafts of sorrow 64-65 

LET YOUR THOUGHTS be more upon justice than 
upon war 75 

AND FROM THEIR MIST a lily form, rises from 
out the wave 83 

TWO GIANT CYCLOPES were at work- But a 
moment did each turn to Hermes 92-93 

APOLLO picked up his lyre and sang of the herds 
that graze in the fields 101 

NEAR THE SACRED HEARTH would be found 
Hestia, its guardian and keeper 109 

PAN RETURNS piping from the chase, breathing 
sweet strains on the reeds 115 

xiii 


SEED SHALL FALL fruitless upon the land until 


my eyes have looked upon Persephone 124-125 

SPEEDILY he went forth beneath the hollow places 
of the earth 135 

WELL DID CERBERUS KNOW the voice of 
Hermes, and the gates swung wide 143 

"HAVE YOU THE FARE?” cried Charon . 
answered yes . . . some cried no 148-149 

THE EARTH GAPED, out leaped the prince and 
bore me beneath the earth 158-159 

"ZEUS, Demeter with her daughter enters” Then 
all gave greeting to them 168-169 

WHEN SPRING IS COME, then fat the lambs, then 
are mountains crowned with shades 180-181 

SPRING, with green draperies flowing, danced a 
glad, gay dance 191 


xiv 


THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS 


And glory rests upon that land, 
fadeless and imperishable 


THEIR WORK LIVES AFTER THEM 


I ONG years ago there was a country which was but 
J a tiny spot on the great map of the world. What 
this country was like, what the people thought, and 
what they did are all important because they were the 
beginners of many of the things which we value most 
in life today. The name of this country was Greece, 
and the people of this country were the ancient Greeks. 

These people breathed deeply of their pure air. They 
looked with gladness upon their green valleys and the 
sharp outlines of their mountains. Thick olive trees, 
chief wealth of the land, and groves of Cyprus, made 
sacred by holy temples within, formed dark patches on 
the landscape. The many hills led to a wall of moun¬ 
tains which shut the country from its neighbors on one 
side, while on the other side rivers and streams, fed by 
fresh springs, ran singing to the sea, and there the lacy 
coast sloped to the white foam. The sea, like a thousand 
silvery serpents, wound its way into the very midst of 
the land, forming bays and islands without number. 
These islands were like stepping stones leading the 
people to what lay beyond the glistening sea. 


XVII 


INTRODUCTION 


“We will build great sharp-nosed ships,’’ the people 
said, “and sail this shining sea.” 

And this they did. They followed their stepping 
stones and then journeyed beyond them to far-off places. 

In far-off places these ancient Greeks found people 
with other thoughts than theirs, with other ways of liv¬ 
ing. What they saw as they traveled helped their minds 
to grow. Many of the people whom they visited be¬ 
came their subjects, and with buying and selling, with 
tribute from these many subject states, wealth poured 
into the money chests of the cities. Athens, above all 
the others, flourished and became the center of art and 
learning and the greatest city in all Greece. 

The rule of tyrants had taught this country the value 
of freedom, so Athens was ruled by its people. Thus 
she became the first democracy in the history of the 
world. As Athens was first in the form of her govern¬ 
ment she became first in many other things. Among 
her people there came to be many leaders, and these 
leaders made the people of ancient Greece the most re¬ 
markable of all those who have yet lived upon the earth. 

Great poems never since surpassed in beauty and 
power, known to all Greeks, filled them with pride in 
their heroic past and moved them to courageous living. 
And so followed a golden age when each great man in¬ 
spired greatness in those about him. 

With true greatness comes questioning and wonder- 


xviii 


INTRODUCTION 


ing and desire for understanding. Many of these great 
ones wondered and questioned one another about right 
and wrong, about happiness and how to find it, about the 
world and the meaning of life. These men became the 
first philosophers, and today we read their works and 
learn that the thinkers of that far-away time thought 
much as do our great thinkers today. 

Some of these questioners observed the happenings of 
nature, arranged in order the facts they gathered and 
tried to learn the truth about all things. These men 
became the first scientists. 

In centuries past the ancestors of these Greeks had 
questioned one another about the disappearing of the 
sun and the falling of darkness, the gathering of the 
clouds, and the peal of the thunder. They had answered 
these questions simply, as a child might answer them. 
The sun was to them a golden-haired god who drove 
a shining chariot across the sky. To them it was a god 
of the heavens who gathered the thunder clouds, sent 
shafts of lightning, and watered the dry earth. 

These simple answers, filled with beauty, made up 
the religion of the ancient Greeks. Though the scien¬ 
tists and philosophers of Athens, the center of Greek 
culture, found other answers to many of these questions, 
the people of this time believed and thought as their 
ancestors had done before them. And thus was our 
heritage from them enriched, for the beauty of these 

xix 


INTRODUCTION 


ancient myths continued to inspire painters, poets, sculp¬ 
tors, and architects. The creations of their hands be¬ 
came the foundation of all art, and the greatest of many 
great gifts which Greece gave to the world. 

The whole glory of Greece was tied up with this an¬ 
cient religion. To these people the good and the beau¬ 
tiful were one, and so the noblest offering to the blessed 
gods was beauty. Magnificent shrines were built in honor 
of them. Down the long vistas of the marble pillared 
temples could be seen statues of the loved deities, 
made in human form in all its perfection and beauty. 
They made beautiful pottery and on it with skill and 
patience they pictured their gods as they thought of them. 

If one of those great ancients could visit our country 
and walk among us, he would say: 

“The buildings of your capital city and many of your 
beautiful buildings elsewhere look strangely like the 
temples of my day built in honor of our gods. When 
I look through your museums of art, everywhere I find 
copies of the statues made in my time, of the gods we 
worshiped.” 

Then would this Ancient stand proudly and look 
toward distant Olympus remembering that though thou¬ 
sands of years have passed, the greatness of the age in 
which he lived is still undimmed, and he would raise 
his arms in thanksgiving to his gods that the thoughts 
of his people and the works of their hands had been 


XX 


INTRODUCTION 


great enough to enrich the lives of all those who have 
lived after them. 

And so follows a story of the immortal beings to whom 
the ancient Greeks raised their arms in worship, and 
who inspired this great people to many of the creations 
which enrich our lives today. 


XXI 


OLYMPUS 


For ever is the Gods’ unchanging seat, 

Wet with no rain and shaken by no blast, 

And by no snowflake touched; but very bright 
It stretches cloudless, and a splendour white 
Broods over all its borders, and therein 
The blessed Gods live ever in delight. 

THE ODYSSEY 

J. W. MacKail translation from 
Livingstone*s Pageant of Greece 


Chapter I 



ZEUS LOOKS DOWN 
FROM OLYMPUS 


HE gods loved by the Greeks lived upon the lofty 



-L peak of Mount Olympus. This home of the gods, 
wrapt in clouds and mist, unseen by mortal man, was 
never disturbed by storms, drenched by rain, nor in¬ 
vaded by snow. Here shone always warm, clear light 
from a sky, fair and cloudless. 

Upon this lofty peak were hills and meadows, green 
and beautiful, and here were scattered the palaces of 
the gods. On that hill, the highest and fairest, lived 
Zeus, the greatest, the most powerful, the king of mor¬ 
tals and immortals. It was he, a babe, who had been 
hidden from Cronus, his cruel father, king of the Titans, 
lord of the universe, who had sought to devour him. 
It was he who had been cared for by the nymphs of 
the sea. For him the bees had gathered honey, for him 
the strong eagle had brought ambrosia, and to him the 
mother goat had given of her milk. And when he was 
grown such power he had that with gleam of lightning, 


THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS 


with din of thunderbolts, with shock of hundred-handed 
monsters he had overpowered the race of Titans. The 
heavens had shaken and the earth. Then turning to 
Atlas, the Titan of mighty bulk and terrible strength, 
he had spoken in thundering tones: 

“Atlas, the strong, the mighty, from this time forth 
you shall bear upon your shoulders the weight of the 
heavens. Though you are wearied yet shall you hold 
your burden. Thus shall the earth and the sky be held 
apart that I may bring order to all things.” 

Then to another great Titan, Prometheus (pro me' 
thus), he had given this command: 

“To you, Prometheus, shall fall the labor of creating 
the animals which shall dwell upon the earth. And 
listen well, for of these animals man shall be the great¬ 
est, and of all I shall be king.” 

All things had been done according to the commands 
of Zeus and from that time forth he had dwelt upon 
Olympus, and with him had dwelt the other great gods. 
To each had been given duties and powers, but of the 
twelve great gods Zeus was the most powerful, the su¬ 
preme lord of the wide earth below and all that dwelt 
therein, and of the starry heavens above. 

These gods who dwelt on Olympus knew all things 
of the earth below and of the heavens above, and all things 
lay in their power. When they left their lofty peak, 
their immortal home, the folds of clouds which hid 


24 


ZBUS LOOKS DOWN FROM OLYMPUS 


them from mortal view were drawn aside by the fair 
goddesses of the seasons. Then on beautiful sandals, im¬ 
mortal, made of gold, they were carried over the wide 
ways of the earth and over boundless seas with the speed 
of the wind. Chariots were theirs, golden and well- 
wrought, drawn by immortal steeds, brazen-hoofed and 
swift. They walked among the stars and looked down 
upon the wide earth below. There they beheld mor¬ 
tals at work and at play, sorrowing or rejoicing. When 
all that they saw pleased them, and when the fragrance 
of earthly sacrifices was borne to the cloudy heights, 
the gods were joyous. Then they gathered in their 
gold and silver palaces for celestial feasting. But when 
they were displeased with what they saw, the thunder 
rolled and the mountains shook with their anger. 

Often Zeus, the greatest of the gods, summoned all 
of the immortals to him, for his palace was the gathering 
place for all those who dwelt on Olympus. There they 
held counsel together on all affairs, mortal and immor¬ 
tal, and there they gathered to feast on ambrosia, and 
to sip nectar from golden cups. 

It was on a morning of clear light and glistening fresh¬ 
ness on Olympus in this long ago time that Zeus, the 
father of gods and men, walked among the clouds and 
looked down upon the earth below. The Greek name, 
Zeus, means radiant light of heaven, and just so the 
great Zeus seemed as he stood among the clouds think- 
25 


THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS 


ing joyous thoughts. His bodily strength was great and 
his bearing stern, and of all the celestials he was the 
most wise and of all the most glorious. The united 
strength of all the other gods could not move him, for 
he could draw the gods, and the earth, and the seas to 
himself, and having drawn them, his power was so great 
that, if he willed, he could suspend all from Olympus 
by a golden chain. The great poet Homer pictured him 
in all of his power and splendor: 

He, whose all-conscious eyes the world behold, 

The eternal Thunderer sat, enthroned in gold . 

High heaven the footstool of his feet he ma\es, 

And wide beneath him all Olympus shades . 

He spo\e, and awful bends his sable brows, 

Shades his ambrosial curls, and gives the nod, 

The stamp of fate and sanction of the God: 

High heaven with trembling the dread signal too\, 
And Olympus to the center shoo\. 

HOMER 
Popes translation 

The thoughts of the great Zeus had been for many 
days upon the affairs of the gods, and there had been 
little time for considering the needs of mortals below. 
It was with keen pleasure that his thoughts turned to 

Zeus was called Jove by the Romans. 


26 




“High heaven the footstool of his feet he ma\es, 
And wide beneath him all Olympus shakes” 


27 


























ZEUS LOOKS DOWN FROM OLYMPUS 

them upon this day. This was the time that Zeus most 
loved to look upon the earth. It was the time when 
flowers burst freshly into bloom and fruit formed upon 
tree and vine. A smile came to the stern face of the 
god for he thought to see mortals feasting and offering 
sacrifices before his sacred altars. Joy filled his heart. 
Joy because of work accomplished for the gods and joy 
for the happiness he thought to find among mortals 
below. He would summon the other eleven great 
Olympian gods for a feast upon this day. The music 
of the flute and the harp, and the rhythm of the dance 
should bring them delight as they feasted in his spacious 
hall. It would be a festive day to welcome new life and 
happiness upon the earth. 

Joyously the immortal king found a place from which 
his gaze could travel far. He bent forward his powerful 
head that he might better penetrate the misty light. 
The rays of the morning sun had not yet touched the 
earth. He turned his head slowly from left to right. 
The joy which had shone in his countenance faded. 
Again he turned his head slowly. A frown appeared 
upon his noble brow. He shook his powerful head, 
swaying his heavy curls. Indeed he beheld a strange 
sight. The earth which but a few days before had seemed 
ready to burst into fresh bloom was a dull and sodden 
brown. Not a stalk of grain, not a blade of grass, and 
not a flower could he see. 


29 


THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS 


What was the meaning of this? Had he been too 
sparing of the winds and rains? It might be so. His 
thoughts had indeed been upon other things. As rosy- 
fingered dawn appeared he sent a gentle wind to stir 
the trees, but no sign of buds appeared. He scattered 
sparkling raindrops on fields and meadows, but no 
green shoots brightened the dreary land. 

The mist vanished as the sun, leaving the blue waters, 
rose in the brazen sky to shine upon the saddened earth. 
Zeus waited anxiously as its rays lightly touched the 
loftiest trees and the highest mountain peaks, for every¬ 
where these were sacred to him, but a look of old age 
was upon them. He gazed more anxiously as the sun 
lighted the faces of mortals. Before his altars he saw 
them. The fragrance of their sacrifices came to him. 
With heads turned upward and hands stretched toward 
Olympus they sent their prayers to the father of gods 
and men. The purity of their hearts pleased the great 
Zeus, for this above all things he required of all his 
worshipers. Then was the great head bent to give ear 
to the prayers of mortals. He listened closely. 

“Life, life, dear Zeus, to our fields, our plains, our 
groves! We hunger! We grieve! Have mercy!” 

Then the father of gods and men saw the grief and 
despair in their hearts. Turning to the eagle, his favorite 
bird, which nestled at his feet, the great Zeus spoke: 

“Great eagle, most favored of all creatures of the air, 
30 


ZEUS LOOKS DOWN FROM OLYMPUS 

spread your wings. Seek Hermes, my messenger. Bring 
him before me.” 

There was a whirring sound and a swift movement 
of the air. The great eagle rose and vanished into the 
grayness of the clouds. 

In sadness the immortal king gazed upon the earth 
below. Where light and happiness had dwelt there was 
now darkness and mourning. The cause of this grief 
he must learn without delay. 


31 


HERMES 

Foot-feathered Mercury appear'd sublime 
Beyond the tall tree tops; and in less time 
Than shoots the slanted hail-storm, down he dr opt 
Toward the ground; but rested not, nor stopt 
One moment from his home; only the sward 
He with his wand light touch'd, and heavenward 
Swifter than sight was gone . 

KEATS 

Hermes was called Mercury by the Romans. 


32 


Chapter II 


AR HERMES, THE SWIFT- 

| FOOTED MESSENGER 

W ITH circling flight, swift and sure, the eagle 
returned and Hermes stood before Zeus, beautiful, 
young, and full of strength. Hermes was the messenger 
of the gods. Fleet he was, with winged cap upon his 
head and winged sandals upon his feet. In his hand 
he carried his rod, his Caduceus, with wings, symbol of 
his swiftness, at the top, and two snakes, symbol of his 
wisdom, twined about it. 

The great Zeus addressed him thus: 

“Hermes, I came forth to look upon earth in the 

beauty of new life. I am sorely grieved at what my 

eyes behold. Instead of life, a look of death covers the 
earth. The sun has been following its daily course. I 
have sent gentle winds and sparkling rain. Tell me, 
Hermes, what is the meaning of this lack of fruitfulness? 
Hermes answered in his silvery-toned voice: 

“Father, I know not. I have been in my palace 
working upon my flute. I would make the tones more 


33 


THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS 


sweet. No message has taken me to earth. It is but 
now that I observe its sad condition. Think you, great 
Zeus, that someone could have stolen the seeds of 
Demeter (de me' ter), giver of goodly crops?” 

“Ah, swift Hermes, what god but you would think 
such mischief possible? Think you that for sweet mis¬ 
chief’s sake some god would cause the whole race of 
man to perish from the stress of famine? No, no, 
Hermes, that could not be.” 

“Zeus, all wise one, if that be not true, then some 
one of the immortals is surely working a vengeance 
against the earth.” 

“That thought comes also to me. But what dire cause 
could so move one of the celestial gods?” 

There was a silence while the great Zeus pondered. 
Then he spoke again: 

“What of fair-tressed Demeter, giver of goodly crops? 
Has she knowledge of this?” 

“Naught have I seen of Demeter for many days, most 
powerful Zeus.” 

“Go, swift Hermes, seek her in her Olympian palace 
on yonder hillock. Had she knowledge of this dread 
happening, surely she would have sought my aid. Make 
known to her that in vain have the oxen dragged the 
crooked plows through the furrows and that the white 
barley has fallen fruidess upon the land. Hermes, since 
you are in all things my messenger, go with the speed 
34 


HERMES, THE SWIFT-FOOTED MESSENGER 

of light and summon Demeter to appear before me at 
once. I had thought to declare this a day of feasting 
and song, but it has become a day of fasting and mourn- 
ing. I go in sadness to my palace. Let Demeter come 
to me there. Go, Hermes, and let nothing delay you.” 

So Zeus spoke, and Hermes, the Guide, the Speedy- 
comer, did not disobey. Quickly he bound his beautiful 
winged sandals more tightly to his feet. These sandals 
of gold could carry him over flood and over boundless 
land swift as a breath of wind. He took flight and like 
an arrow he shot to the door of the palace of Demeter. 


35 


HERA 


The white-armed Juno there enthroned was seen, 
Sovereign of heaven, and Jove's imperious queen; 
Still near his queen her watchful peacoc\ spreads 
His thousand eyes, his circling luster sheds; 
Where'er she bends the living radiance burns, 

And floats majestic as the goddess turns. 

LOPE de VEGA 

Hera was called Juno by the Romans. 


A HOMERIC PALACE 

Brazen were the walls which ran this way and that 
from the threshold to the inmost chamber, and round 
them was a frieze of blue, and golden were the doors that 
closed in the good house. Silver were the doorposts that 
were set on the brazen threshold, and silver the lintel 
thereupon, and the hoo\ of the door was of gold. And 
on either side stood golden hounds and silver, which 
Hephaestus wrought by his cunning. . . . And within 
were seats arrayed against the wall this way and that, 
from the threshold even to the inmost chamber, and 
thereon were spread light coverings finely woven, the 
handiwor\ of women. . . . Yea, and there were 
youths fashioned in gold, standing on firm set bases, with 
flaming torches in their hands, giving light through the 
night to the feasters in the palace. 

THE ODYSSEY 
Butcher and Lang translation 


36 


Chapter III 


HERA IN THE PALACE 
OF IVORY AND GOLD 

T HUS Zeus, to his palace of ivory and gold, walked 
slowly and with no joy in his footsteps. He entered 
the great hall, the meeting place of the gods. He sought 
Hera (He' ra), his wife, the queen of the celestials. As 
he stood looking about his beautiful hall, a smile came 
to his stern face. For a moment he forgot the grief 
which had come to earth. 

There was a blaze of gold throughout the lofty room. 
Inlay of silver and amber, gold and ivory, gleamed in 
rare design. A sheen as of the sun or moon played on 
every wall and graceful column. 

At one end of the high-roofed spacious hall sat Hera 
on her throne chair of shining gold awaiting the return 
of Zeus. Her eyes were large and beautiful. Her broad 
forehead gave her a look of majesty and nobility. Upon 
her head she wore a crown. It was of gold and richly 
wrought. Beneath it her hair fell to her shoulders in 
full waving tresses. Her chiton (kf ton) was of gauzy 



37 




THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS 


linen and delicately patterned. A loose cloak of closely 
woven fabric, bordered with purple, fell from her shoul¬ 
ders. Her messenger, Iris, whose garments trailing 
across the sky mortals called the rainbow, stood at her 
right hand. At Hera’s left, her watchful peacock spread 
his shining circle of a thousand eyes. Lightly her hand 
rested upon his proud back. Hearing the footsteps of 
the great king, the Olympian queen raised her eyes and 
greeted him as he stood in the entrance. 

A noble figure he was as he stood there. His beard 
was rich and flowing. The thick masses of hair rose 
from the high forehead and fell to his shoulders in clus¬ 
tering locks. His nose was large and finely formed. 
His slightly opened lips gave an air of kindliness to his 
stern face. 

With measured step the all-powerful Zeus walked to 
his golden throne chair which stood near that of his 
queen. Designs of great beauty shone from it, the handi¬ 
work of Hephaestus (he fes' tus), the craftsman among 
the gods. Upon its lower part there was a rest for the 
great god’s feet. Here perched his eagle as Zeus seated 
himself. Upon a golden nail in the wall behind his 
throne hung his shield, called Aegis (e' gis). There, 
too, hung his sheaf of thunderbolts. For them the great 
Zeus hoped there would be no need upon this day, though 
as he thought of earth’s sad state he felt that with 
joy he could loose his thunderbolts and lash with light- 
38 


“Still near his queen her watchful peacoc\ spreads 
His thousand eyes, his circling luster sheds** 

39 











HERA IN THE PALACE OF IVORY AND GOLD 

ning the enemy who had caused such disaster. Not 
without reason was he called Zeus, the Thunderer. 
Dark thoughts had returned to him. He took in his 
hand his scepter, the royal staff and emblem of his power. 

Hera observed the look of brooding in Zeus’ counte¬ 
nance. As her thoughts were ever upon the well-being 
of the children of mortals, she asked if any misfortune 
had befallen them. 

“Queen of the immortals, I fear that no mortal young 
or old is free from misfortune today.” 

Then Zeus told her of the lack of fruitfulness upon 
the earth and of the grief and despair in the hearts of 
mortals. 

In her white hand Hera held her scepter. Sadly she 
looked at the rainbird, the cuckoo, which was mounted 
upon it. This emblem of new growth to the soil was 
sacred to her. It was Hera’s desire that rain and mist 
should at all times make fertile the fields of mortals. 
But, alas, of what avail were rain and mist if all fruit¬ 
fulness had gone from the earth? 

The door of the lofty hall opened suddenly and 
Hermes stood before them. With all haste and with no 
gladness in his voice he poured forth this tale: 

“Most powerful Zeus and immortal Queen, give ear 
to my words. In vain have I sought Demeter in her 
Olympian palace. Naught is known of her there. 
Neither today nor in many days past has she been seen. 

41 


THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS 


As I winged my way back to you I paused to learn news 
of her from the other Olympian gods. From one pillared 
entrance to another I sped, seeking, questioning. Zeus, 
most powerful king, I know not the meaning of this, 
but gone are the celestials from their Olympian abodes!” 

“Gone indeed!” Surprise appeared upon the noble 
countenance and then understanding. 

“Surely the Immortals have gone to try their powers 
against this enemy who seeks to destroy the race of 
mortals. Alas,” the great king continued sadly, “that 
I should have had no thought of the earth-dwellers these 
many days past. Deaf have I been to their cries.” 

Suddenly decision straightened the noble figure. 

“Swift-footed Hermes, wherever the Immortals may 
be there you must find them.” Sternly he spoke. 
“Summon them before me at once. A council of all the 
Olympian gods will disclose this hidden enemy. First 
summon Demeter, goddess of the harvest, that I may 
learn what she may know of this power which has 
destroyed her gift of life to the soil.” 

“Far-beholding Zeus, let me give counsel.” Thus 
spoke immortal Hera. “Know you that Iris, my messen¬ 
ger, may carry divine commands with the speed of 
Hermes? Let her seek the fair-tressed Demeter and 
bring her before you. Then may the swift-footed 
Hermes carry with greater speed your summons to the 
other gods.” 


42 


HERA IN THE PALACE OF IVORY AND GOLD 

“Golden-throned Hera, whom all the Blessed through¬ 
out high Olympus honor and revere, it is wise counsel 
which you offer me. Let Iris be gone. Let her seek 
the ways of Demeter, and so may Hermes penetrate 
more quickly the depths of the sea, the paths of the 
forest, and the caverns of distant mountains. Let 
Poseidon (posi'don), my brother, god of the sea, be 
summoned first. Seek next Artemis, goddess of the 
hunt and of the moon, then fare swiftly over the wide 
earth until you come to the Chalybes (kal' i bez)—Ares 
(a' reez) will be there taking keep of the works of war. 
Let Athene (ath e' ne), goddess of wisdom, be next to 
receive the summons, then Aphrodite (af ro df te), god¬ 
dess of love and beauty, in whatever place they may be 
Hephaestus, artist and craftsman, shall you seek in his 
loved workshop. Next fare you eastward and in his 
blazing palace seek Apollo, god of light. Then with 
swift flight return to Olympus and thence to the heart 
of my palace where will be found Hestia, before my 
hearth, ever its guardian and keeper. 

And so the door of the hall flung wide and through 
it passed Iris of the shining wings and of the trailing 
rainbow garments, and Hermes of the golden wand and 
of the winged sandals. Forth they fared over the wide 
ways of the earth. 


43 


POSEIDON 


The sea-born Neptune there was pictured 
In his divine resemblance wondrous li\e; 

His face was rugged, and his hoary head 
Dropped with brac\ish dew—his three-for\ed pi\e 
He sternly shoo\ and therewith fierce did stride 
The raging billows, that on every side 
They trembling stood, and made a long, broad di\e 
That his swift chariot might have passage wide, 
Which four great sea-horses did draw, in team- 
ways tied . 

SPENSER 

Poseidon was called Neptune by the Romans. 


POSEIDON'S POWER 

He spa\e, and round about him called the clouds 
And roused the ocean—wielding in his hand 
The trident—summoned all the hurricanes 
Of all the winds, and covered earth and s\y 
At once with mists, while from above the night 
Fell suddenly . 

HOMER 
Bryant's translation 

44 


Chapter IV 



POSEIDON, RULER 
OF THE SEA 


D OWN dropped Hermes, in less time than shoots 
the slanted sunbeam. He skimmed the earth 
like a bird. Soon he was above the dark blue sea. Like 
a gull he swooped over its waves. Poseidon, brother of 
the great Zeus and ruler of the realm of the sea, was to 
be summoned. 

Hermes heard the song of the sirens as he flew along. 
The sirens were sea nymphs, with the upper part of the 
body that of a maiden and the lower part that of a sea 
bird. Wings were attached to their shoulders. Their 
beautiful voices and their sweet songs had a strange 
charm. Mortals listening to them fell into the sea to 
their death. No such power had they over immortals, 
and Hermes enjoyed their songs which sounded above 
the roaring of the waves. 

Thetis, a sea nymph, silver-footed and fair-haired, rose 
from the deep and calmed the waters. Out from the 
deep to join Thetis came Galatea (gal a te' a), another 


45 


THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS 

sea nymph. Calling two white sea-horses from the foam, 
they mounted them and across the waters they were 
carried on some errand for Poseidon. Hermes wondered 
at the sadness in those faces which were usually so gay. 

In the far west Hermes saw Atlas, who knows the 
depths of the sea and who holds the towering pillars 
which keep earth and sky apart. There Hermes saw 
him bearing on his strong head and strong hands the 
weight of the heavens. 

A group of naiads (na' yads), fresh from a visit to 
Poseidon, their king, swept swiftly over the waves of 
the sea. Their faces, too, were sad. They were nymphs 
of lakes and rivers, springs and fountains. In them they 
lived and to them gave life. 

Signs of Poseidon’s kingdom were on every hand as 
Hermes dipped swiftly through the crystal-smooth 
water to the ocean bed. His coming was so sudden that 
he frightened a flock of seals, tended by Proteus (pro'- 
te us), son of Poseidon. Proteus had the gift of prophecy 
and the power of changing himself into any form he 
wished. It was his habit at midday to rise from the 
sea to rest. He slept on an island in the shade of the 
rocks. Around him lay his seals and the monsters of 
the deep. Those who sought him to learn of the future 
tried to catch him while he slept. But many tricks he 
played. He changed himself to every possible shape. 
One moment he was a lion with a billowy mane and 


46 


- 



• ' 
































































. 

























. 













Old Proteus smiled as Hermes appeared before them . 
It was not often that he could be fooled . . . 

48 























When Hermes' desire to see Poseidon was made \nown, 
Triton blew a sea-shell blast . . . 

49 






















































POSEIDON, RULER OF THE SEA 

next a tree with foliage green. Those who held him 
until he again took his own shape learned all that they 
would know, for then he answered all questions. 

Hermes was also fond of sport and fun; so when he 
had frightened Proteus’ flock of seals he hid himself 
from sight. Quickly Proteus became a seal and with 
his flock swooped through the waters to Poseidon’s 
palace. Hermes knew that he went to give warning 
of a coming visitor. It pleased Hermes to think that 
he, a friend, had frightened Proteus, Wise Old Man of 
the Sea, as he was called. It pleased him, too, to visit 
Poseidon’s realm. All about him was beauty. 

The sparkling sand upon which he walked was dotted 
with jewels. The sunshine of amber mingled with the 
soft glow of pearls. On one side were rocks of pure 
crystal glistening with all of the colors to be seen in the 
trailing garments of Iris. On another side were groves 
formed of softly tinted coral. There were sea anemones 
of every hue. There were tall grasses which met and 
formed emerald caves and grottoes. There were fishes 
of varied forms and rainbow colors. In and out of the 
caves and grottoes they darted. 

Then from afar shone Poseidon’s palace of gold. It 
was of vast extent. The wash of the waters kept it 
glowing brightly. Lofty and graceful columns supported 
its gleaming dome. Everywhere played and danced the 
water nymphs. 


51 


THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS 

Proteus, now in the form of a fish, darted forward 
to make sure that the visitor was a friendly one. With 
the speed of a lightning shaft he was back in his place 
at the entrance to Poseidon’s palace. Triton, who was 
Poseidon’s trumpeter, stood near holding a twisted sea 
shell in his hand. A blast on his sea shell trumpet might 
announce a visitor or stir up the waves of the sea. 

Old Proteus smiled as Hermes appeared before them. 
It was not often that he could be fooled, even by one of 
the greater gods. When Hermes’ desire to see Poseidon 
was made known, Triton blew a sea-shell blast, and the 
gates of pearl swung wide. Poseidon stood before them. 
This god of the sea was much like his brother, the great 
Zeus, in height and features, but his eyes were more 
bright and piercing. He seemed less kind than Zeus. 
His dark green hair waved in disorderly masses over 
his shoulders. In his hands he bore his golden trident. 
This was a fisherman’s fork, a spear with three points 
and Poseidon’s symbol of power. He used it to call 
forth and quell storms at sea. Sometimes, in anger, he 
struck huge rocks, causing the very shores to tremble. 
Mortals were ever anxious that he should think well of 
any journey which they might plan. No journey upon 
the sea was undertaken without sacrifices having first 
been made to Poseidon, ruler of the sea. 

As Hermes saw Poseidon before him, he spoke in 
silvery tones: 


52 


POSEIDON, RULER OF THE SEA 


“Hail, Poseidon! Hail, Ruler of the deep sea realms! 
I had thought to come to you today bidding you to a 
banquet of the gods—a joyous welcome to the fruitfulness 
of earth—but, alas, life has gone from the earth ” 

Here Poseidon interrupted. 

“Indeed, Hermes, I was about to visit Olympus to 
find the cause of the trouble which has fallen upon the 
earth. My streams which watered the plains and valleys 
find no green meadows sloping to them. My woodland 
springs, which caused bird and animal alike to rejoice, 
find no gladness in the forest. I have but now sent 
Thetis and Galatea over the earth to see if this day has 
brought any change.” 

“It has, Poseidon,” Hermes answered, “but it is not 
a change for the better. For that reason I have come 
to you. Zeus summons you to appear before him at 
once. The cause of earth’s sad condition he knows not. 
A council of all of the greater gods is called so that he 
may learn what these Immortals know.” 

“I go without delay,” Poseidon made answer. 

Then, his work done, past the wonders of the ocean 
bed, through the crystal clearness of the water, one with 
the creatures of the deep, Hermes sped upward. 

The god of the deep sea realm made ready to depart. 
Turning to Proteus, he said: 

“Proteus, guard well my realm until my return from 
Olympus.” 


53 


THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS 

Then turning to Triton, he said: 

“Triton, blow a sea-shell blast and let Amphitrite 
(amfitri'te) come before me that I may tell her of 
my going.” 

When the sweet note was sounded, a voice was heard 
in song and fair Amphitrite, a sea-nymph, came riding 
in her silver shell. Two playful dolphins, the length of 
horses and with snouts like beaks, stretched the silken 
reins. Amphitrite guided them skillfully until she stood 
before Poseidon. 

O’er the green waves which gently bend and swell, 

Fair Amphitrite steers her silver shell; 

Her playful dolphins stretch the silken rein, 

Hear her sweet voice, and glide along the main . 

DARWIN 

Am fi tri' te. 

She was the wife of the ruler of the sea and so queen 
of the deep sea realm. In the palace she sat upon a 
throne at Poseidon’s side. With the fair Thetis she 
led the sea nymphs in their graceful dances. 

Poseidon bade Amphitrite aid Proteus and Triton in 
keeping the realm of the sea in calmness until his return. 
Then calling his trumpeter he said: 

“Triton, sound your trumpet and let my horses be 
brought before me.” 

Before the echoes died away there was a swishing 
54 













■ ' 


, 




















































. 












. 


> 



















































“He yo\es to the chariot his swift steeds, with feet of 
brass and manes of gold, and himself, clad in gold, 
56 









drives over the waves . . The beasts of the sea sport round 
him, leaving their lurking places . . /' 

57 

























POSEIDON, RULER OF THE SEA 

and swirling of the waters and there appeared four 
beautiful sea-horses with brazen feet and golden manes. 

Poseidon’s graceful chariot of intricate design, from 
the hand of Hephaestus, was brought forth. Amphitrite 
sent her dolphins off to sport and play while she helped 
Poseidon harness his steeds to his chariot. 

Waving farewell to his queen he sped to the surface 
of the sea. Holding high his trident he bade the waters 
be calm. At once the rolling and the surging in his 
path ceased. The chariot moved with wonderful swift¬ 
ness. It scarcely touched the waters. Monsters of the 
deep gamboled on either side. 

Thus Homer sings of such a scene: 

He yo\es to the chariot his swift steeds, with 
feet of brass and manes of gold, and himself, clad 
in gold, drives over the waves . The beasts of the 
sea sport round him, leaving their lurking places, for 
they \now him to be their lord . The sea rejoices 
and ma\es way for him . His horses speed lightly, 
and never a drop touches the brazen axle* 

And so he sped along until the chariot left the waters 
and winged its way toward the cloudy heights of 
Mount Olympus. 

* Murray’s Manual of Mythology. 


59 



ARTEMIS 


Artemis of the golden Distaff, Goddess of the 
loud chase, a maiden revered, the slayer of stags, the 
archer, very sister of Apollo of the golden blade. 
She, through the shadowy hills and the windy head¬ 
lands rejoicing in the chase, draws her golden bow, 
sending forth shafts of sorrow. Then tremble the 
crests of the lofty mountains, and terribly the dar\ 
woodland rings with din of beasts, and the earth 
shudders, and the teeming sea. Meanwhile she of 
the stout heart turns about on every side slaying the 
race of wild beasts. Anon when the Archer 
Huntress hath ta\en her delight, and hath glad¬ 
dened her heart, she slackens her bended bow, and 
goes to the great hall of her dear Phoebus Apollo, 
to the rich Delphian land; and arrays the lovely 
dance of Muses and Graces. There hangs she up 
her bended bow and her arrows, and all graciously 
clad about she leads the dances, first in place, while 
the others utter their immortal voices in hymns. 

HOMERIC HYMN 
Andrew Lang translation 


60 


Chapter V 



ARTEMIS, GODDESS 
OF THE HUNT 


S O IS the story told in the Homeric Hymn to Artemis 
and so might Hermes have found her in the great 
hall of Apollo had all been well in the land of mortals. 
No thought had Artemis for the dance when the forests 
needed her. 

Searching through her favorite groves Hermes found 
several of her huntresses resting upon the dry grass and 
a group of nymphs playing without joyousness beside 
a near-by spring. When Hermes told them that he had 
a message for Artemis, he learned that she was walking 
in the grove with the Muses. The Muses also loved the 
springs and limpid streams which gave them inspiration. 

There was a soft crackling of dried twigs, and Hermes 
saw the goddess of the chase and of the moon, the 
revered Artemis, coming through the dark woodland. 
Her hair was knotted at the back of her head. Her robe 
was short, leaving her limbs free for the chase. Though 
a quiver was slung over her shoulder and a bow was 


61 



THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS 


in her hand, she had sent forth no shafts of sorrow. 
Beside her walked a young stag, with soft eyes hungrily 
searching for food, and with no swiftness in the limbs 
which were wont to be so fleet. 

The Muses, with graceful step and with soft robes 
flowing, followed offering comfort to the saddened 
goddess. In vain had they urged her to return with them 
to the hall of Apollo. Calliope (cal li' op e) walked near¬ 
est her, a stylus in one hand and a tablet in the other. She 
recited the most stirring of all her epic poetry, but there 
was only distress in the eyes of Artemis. Then Clio 
(cli' o), wrapped in rich folds of drapery, a wreath of 
dried laurel on her head, came forward. 

“Fair Artemis,” she said, “give ear.” And in a sweet 
silvery voice she sang a sacred hymn. 

But Artemis only shook her head. There was no 
comfort for her in the song. Nor would she listen to 
the sacred poetry of Polyhymnia (poly hym'nia). 
Erato (er' a to) came forward with her lyre and offered 
her songs of love. Again Artemis shook her head. 
Euterpe (yu ter' pe), wearing a garland of withered 
flowers, and bearing her flute, declared the world out of 
tune and did not offer to urge the Muses to song. Since 
she was the muse of harmony she felt her task too 
difficult upon this day. Terpsichore (terp sick' o re), 
who walked beside Euterpe, said that they must not fail 
Artemis. She came to the side of the goddess and played 
62 




“She, through the shadowy hills and windy headlands 
rejoicing in the chase, draws her golden bow, 

64 







sending forth shafts of sorrow . Then tremble the 
crests of the lofty mountains . . ? 

65 










. 

■ » 

jfl 


% ' t 






, 





























ARTEMIS, GODDESS OF THE HUNT 


upon her seven-stringed lyre. Her feet moved in rhythm 
to the music but no one followed her; then she knew 
that her art, the graceful dance, had no power to dispel 
the sadness that lay in the heart of Artemis. 

Urania (u ran' i a) walked erect, her eyes on the 
heavens. She held in her hand a celestial globe. As the 
Muse of astronomy she longed to find the reason for the 
look of death upon the earth. Some curse had struck 
it but she knew not what. 

Now Thalia (tha li r a), wearing a crown of withered 
wildflowers, offered first her pastoral poetry. -When 
no interest was shown, she tried her art of comedy. Her 
comic mask she placed over her face, but the heads of 
all were turned from her. With a sigh she let the mask 
fall into her hands and Melpomene (mel pom' e ne), the 
Muse of tragedy, came forward. She wore a crown of 
gold and carried a dagger and a scepter. The tragic mask 
which she wore fitted well the mood of Artemis. 

To see the trees which should bear young leaves, freshly 
green, looking as though a blight had come to them; 
to see the animals which were wont to sport and play 
looking hungrily for food; all this brought sadness to 
those who loved the forests. 

Hermes looked at the group. Never before had he 
seen the Muses in so sad a state. With laughter and 
song and dance they brought joy to all who saw them, 
but today a blight had fallen upon them as it had upon 
67 


THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS 


the world they loved so well. For once Melpomene was 
the leader of the group. 

When Artemis saw Hermes, she greeted him sadly 
and said: 

“Can you tell me what power is working against the 
earth? Though Zeus sends rains, the earth remains dry. 
Though I send dew no sign of it can be seen. Life has 
gone from the hills and valleys, from the groves and 
forests.” 

“It is for that reason that I come, fair Artemis, goddess 
of the hunt and of the moon. A curse has fallen upon 
the earth. The reason must be found so that the children 
of mortals and the creatures of the forest shall suffer 
no longer. Zeus awaits you in his palace of gold.” 

With these words Hermes was gone. Like a hawk 
he soared over the trees. 

The nymphs, the huntresses, and the Muses who had 
been listening to Hermes’ words rejoiced that the cause 
of their troubles had come to the ears of Zeus, the great 
lord of all. 

Artemis warned them to save their rejoicing until 
her return. Then only would they be sure of the 
outcome. 

Since evening would have fallen before her return, 
Artemis called for other garments, for she was also the 
moon goddess. Since moon was the symbol of night 
and since Artemis represented the power over the earth 


68 


ARTEMIS, GODDESS OF THE HUNT 

at night, she was known as the moon goddess. She 
donned a long robe which fell in folds about her. On 
her fair brow she wore a crescent. A gossamer veil 
flowed gracefully behind. 

So she called for her chariot. With a swirl of dead 
leaves a chariot of silver drawn by two milk-white steeds 
appeared before her. Taking her torch in hand, the mild 
and gentle queen of the night stepped into her moon 
car. With swiftness but quietly, as a moonbeam shines, 
she was drawn to Olympus. 

Goddess serene, transcending every star! 

Queen of the s\y, whose beams are seen afarl 

By night heaven owns thy sway, by day the grove, 

When, as chaste Dian, here thou deign 9 st to rove . 

BYRON 

Artemis was called Diana by the Romans, 


69 


ATHENE 

1 sing the glorious power with azure eyes 
Athenian Pallas! tameless, chaste, and wise 
Tritogenia, town-preserving maid, 

Revered and Mighty; from his awful head 
Whom Jove brought forth, in warlike armor dressed, 
Golden, all radiant! wonder strange possessed 
The everlasting Gods that shape to see, 

Shading a javelin \een, impetuously 
Rush from the crest of aegis-bearing Jove; 

Fearfully heaven was shaken, and did move 
Beneath the might of the Cerulean-eyed; 

Earth dreadfully resounded, far and wide; 

And, lifted from its depth, the sea swelled high 
In purple billows; the tide suddenly 
Stood still, and great Hyperion’s son long time 
Checked his swift steeds, till where she stood sublime, 
Pallas from her immortal shoulders threw 
The arms divine; wise Jove rejoiced to view. 

Child of the Aegis-bearer, hail to thee! 

Nor thine nor others’ praise shall unremembered be. 

SHELLEY 

Tritogenia—(tri to ge ne' a)—name sometimes given to 
Athene. The river or Lake Triton or Tritonis was claimed as 
scene of her birth. 

Athene was called Minerva by the Romans. 


70 


Chapter VI 



ATHENE AND ARES 
IN CONFLICT 


H ERMES doubled his speed, for a long flight was 
before him. Over the land of the Amazons, the 
warlike women of the East, over mighty rivers and tall 
mountains he sped. When the clanging of a thousand 
anvils reached his ears, he looked below. Sparks were 
flying from the mountain side and Hermes knew that 
he had came to the Chalybes (kal' i bez). Here were 
forged the weapons of Ares, the god of war, and here 
Hermes went to find this most fierce and most terrible 
of all the higher gods. The surging roar of the furnaces 
grew deafening as Hermes came to the entrance of the 
huge cave. 

There stood Ares (a' reez), with all of his evil attend¬ 
ants, watching the smiths who never tire—who forge 
eternally, day and night, heating and hammering the 
metal into weapons of deadly strength. 

Hermes called to Ares. Quickly Ares turned and 
came forward. He was of powerful build, but for ai! 


71 


THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS 


his great strength he moved with agility. In his right 
hand he bore a mighty lance. On his left arm he carried 
a round shield. He was surrounded by his usual attend¬ 
ants. Enyo, the war goddess, was on one side of him. 
Discord on the other. Alarm and Fear followed him 
closely, while Dread and Terror hovered behind. Vul¬ 
tures swooped and darted about, while the dogs of war 
tugged at their leashes and filled the heavy air with 
vicious barking. 

“Why, O mighty Ares, do you prepare for war?” 
Hermes asked Ares. 

“Have you not seen the condition of earth, swift-footed 
Hermes? I prepare my forces when signs of trouble 
appear.” 

At this Enyo, the war goddess, uttered a loud cry, and 
Discord spoke: 

“Surely, Hermes! And the signs of discord and conten¬ 
tion are many!” She followed her words with high, 
cruel laughter. 

Enyo, the war goddess, screamed, “Discord and con¬ 
tention! Discord and contention! They always come 
before war.” And a war cry sounded above the clanging 
anvils and the roaring furnaces. 

“Ah, Ares, you are too ready to prepare for war without 
cause.” Hermes spoke sadly. 

No wonder that Ares was not liked on Olympus, he 
thought. He loved war for war’s sake. It was his delight 
72 


ATHENE AND ARES IN CONFLICT 

to pass through armies like a whirlwind destroying 
chariots and warriors alike. 

“Cause enough, Hermes! Some power is destroying 
earth. What could it mean but war, and a war with 
mighty forces engaged! I must make ready.” 

“What cause there is, powerful Ares, you are about 
to learn. Go at once to Olympus. Zeus, king of the 
gods, awaits you in his palace of gold.” With these 
words Hermes was gone. 

Ares of the gleaming helmet, the shield bearer, clad in 
bronze armor, made ready to join the celestials in the 
palace of Zeus. All of his attendants clamored to go 
with him, but it was decided that only Discord should 
go. His chariot of gold drawn by two fiery steeds 
appeared at the entrance to the cave. With waving 
plume, with shining armor, with burning torch in hand, 
Ares started toward it, eager to be off, eager to find the 
enemy who was destroying the earth. 

At that moment a shadow appeared at the entrance 
to the cave. Ares looked up and beheld Athene looking 
at him with accusing eyes. 

Thus the Homeric Hymn* sings of her: 

Of fairest Athene, renowned goddess, of the 
gray eyes, the wise; her of the relentless heart, the 
maiden revered, the succor of cities, the strong 

* Tr. by Andrew Lang. 

73 



THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS 


Tritogenia* Her did Zeus, the counselor, himself 
beget from his holy head, all armed for war in 
shining golden mail, while in awe did the other 
Gods behold it. Quickly did the Goddess leap from 
the immortal head, and stood before Zeus, shading 
her sharp spear, and high Olympus trembled in 
dread beneath the strength of the gray-eyed maiden, 
while earth rang terribly around, and the sea was 
boiling with dar\ waves, and suddenly bro\e forth 
the foam. . . . 

All this and more Ares knew of Athene. He knew 
well how Zeus, her father, had brought her into being 
out of the black tempest-cloud, and amidst the roar and 
crash of the storm. Straight from his brow had she 
sprung, and since that time the wisdom and power of 
Zeus himself had been hers. It was she who saved the 
hosts in the midst of the works of war. It was she who 
labored that happiness and good fortune might be the 
share of mortals. 

Ares knew why she looked accusingly at him. He 
knew that Athene was always a defender, never one to 
cause war. He knew, too, that his own love of battle 
often led him to encourage conflict. At such time he 
remembered how Athene in anger drove him before her 

* The name Tritogenia was often given Athene because the river 
or the lake Triton was claimed as the scene of her birth. 


74 



Let your thoughts be more upon justice than upon war. 
Hurl not your torch without reason 
75 



























































ATHENE AND ARES IN CONFLICT 


with her lightning spear. Anger was in her eyes 
now as she looked at Ares in the midst of his warlike 
preparations. 

“I feared that I might find you here, Ares,” she said 
in a voice clear and powerful. 

“Indeed, Athene, goddess of wisdom, why should I 
not be here?” 

“But you are here to prepare for war, Ares. I but 
now met Hermes, the swift-footed. His message from 
Zeus he gave to me. Fearing that you would answer 
the summons in warlike mood I made haste to find you.” 

“Would you tell me not to urge war against a force 
that is destroying earth?” 

“I would urge you to listen well, O Ares, to the 
counsel of the gods. Let your thoughts be more upon 
justice than upon war.” 

“War and justice are one, O wise Athene, when an 
evil force is at work.” 

“You are ever prone to think so, Ares. Go not to 
the council with your mind so fixed on thoughts of war. 
Remember that war brings grief and destruction. Hurl 
not your torch without reason; other ways may be found 
to remove the curse from the earth.” 

Athene was ever one to counsel peace. In time of 
war her counsel was always wise, always on the side 
of right. When war was over she taught mankind to 
enjoy peace. She instructed them in all that gives beauty 
77 


THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS 


to human life. She had invented the plow and was 
the first to instruct mortals in the art of spinning and 
weaving and, also, in working in metals. But her 
greatest gift to mankind was the olive tree—chief wealth 
of the land and true sign of peace and prosperity. Having 
put her thoughts upon inventions to make peace time a 
time of happiness for mortals, she was ever anxious that 
only a just cause should provoke war. 

The fear that Ares should urge war when Earth’s 
curse might be removed by other means had caused her 
to hurry to the lord of the chariot of war before he had 
had time to start toward Olympus. Now the gray eyes 
of the goddess Athene were troubled as she spoke to Ares. 

“Let me not delay you longer. Go on your way and 
may wisdom be your guide.” 

With these words the gray-eyed goddess passed 
through the opening of the cave and on magic sandals 
sped over trees, mountains, and valleys in swift flight 
to Olympus. 

The evil attendants of Ares had stood quietly by while 
the goddess Athene was in the cave. Even they felt her 
power. But now that she was gone confusion broke out 
afresh. Cries of “War, war, war!” rent the air. Above 
the screaming, above the noise of the surging furnaces 
and the clanging anvils, Ares called to his attendants 
to remain in the cave until his return. He seized his 
plumed helmet and placed it upon his proud head. Then 
78 


ATHENE AND ARES IN CONFLICT 


shouting to the smiths to double their speed, he advanced 
toward his waiting chariot. As he stepped into it he 
handed the reins to Discord who had followed and stood 
beside him and he charged her with the care of the 
chariot of war. Then like an arrow the fiery steeds 
sped through the opening. 

Ares was on his way to join the council of the gods. 

ARES 

. . . Thou plague of men, 

Thou steeped in blood, destroyer of walled towns! 

ILIAD 

Bryant's translation 

Arcs was called Mars by the Romans. 


79 


APHRODITE 

Loo\, loo\, why shine 

Those floating bubbles with such light divine? 
They brea\, and from their mist a lily form 
Rises from out the wave, in beauty warm. 

The wave is by the blue-veined feet scarce pressed . 

The Beautiful is born; and sea and earth 

May well revere the hour of that mysterious birth . 

SHELLEY 

Aphrodite was called Venus by the Romans. 


80 


Chapter VII 



APHRODITE ON HER 
SACRED ISLAND 


A FTER giving his message to Ares, god of war, 
Hermes winged his way onward. Where might 
he find Aphrodite, goddess of love and beauty? Per¬ 
haps, while he wandered over the wide ways of the 
earth, she had returned to her Olympian abode. 

As he passed over the island of Cyprus he looked 
below. There he saw none other than Aphrodite herself, 
accompanied by the Three Graces, wandering sadly over 
the island of her birth. 

Well did Hermes remember the day upon which 
Aphrodite was born. It was here, from the bubbling 
waters of the sea that she had risen, and as she shook 
her long fair hair the water drops had rolled down into 
the sea shell in which she stood and there became pure, 
glistening pearls. Then the strength of the west wind, 
moistly blowing, bore her amid soft foam over the waves 
of the resounding sea. So to the seagirt Cyprus was 
she carried. 


81 


THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS 


Daintily she stepped upon the shore and where her 
feet trod, there the sand became a meadow rich and green. 
Wherever she looked, flowers of every shade and hue 
came to delight her eye. Varied colors and sweet frag¬ 
rance charmed her senses. Then Hermes remembered 
how on that day the Seasons had gladly welcomed her, 
and clad her about in immortal raiment , and on her 
deathless head set a well-wrought crown, fair and golden, 
and in her ears put earrings of orichalcumf (or i \al' 
cum) and of precious gold. . . . Anon when they 
had thus adorned her in all goodliness they led her to 
the Immortals, who gave her greeting when they beheld 
her* . . . Much they marveled at her beauty. From 

that day her house was with the Immortals, but never 
did she forget the island of her birth. Seagirt Cyprus 
remained sacred to her. 

All this Hermes remembered as he came to Cyprus, 
and well he knew the reason which had brought her 
there. When the curse of death had appeared on the 
rest of the earth, it had come also to Cyprus. The fair 
trees were withered to the ground, the meadow was 
arid, all color and freshness were gone from the land. 

Upon this day, Aphrodite, from her home on 
Olympus, saw the look of death creep over her sacred 
island and a thought came to her. If there had been 

* Homeric Hymns—Andrew Lang tr. 

t orichalcum—a mixed metal precious to the ancient Greeks, with 
the color and luster of brass. 


82 




“The bubbles brea\, and from their mist a lily form, 
Rises from out the wave, in beauty warm” 

83 

















t 






ft 










\ 

: 








APHRODITE ON HER SACRED ISLAND 

magic in her presence on seagirt Cyprus on the day of 
her birth would there not be the same magic in her 
presence today? 

At once she called the Seasons before her. 

“Deck me, kind Seasons, even as you did upon the 
day of my birth/’ 

Speedily the Seasons set to work. Each moment was 
precious to them, for no immortal could come or go 
from Olympus unless the goddesses of the Seasons drew 
aside the curtain of clouds which hid the home of the 
gods from mortal view. Since this was a sacred duty 
it was with nimble fingers that they decked the goddess 
of love and beauty. Then they gazed upon their work. 
The fair goddess looked even as she did upon the day 
of her birth. A garment of immortal fabric hung loosely 
from her shoulders and upon her immortal head was 
set a well-wrought crown. From her dainty ears hung 
earrings fashioned of precious metal and about her swan¬ 
like throat lay glittering chains. The Seasons were well 
pleased and, knowing her errand, bade her go quickly 
and try her power. 

Calling the Three Graces, she told them to make ready 
to follow her. 

These three on men all gracious gifts bestow, 

Which dec\ the body or adorn the mind, 

To ma\e them lovely or well-favored show; 


85 


THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS 


As comely carriage, entertainment \ind, 

Sweet semblance, friendly offices that bind, 

And all the complements of courtesy: 

They teach us how to each degree and hind 
We should ourselves demean, to low, to high, 

To friends, to foes ; which s\ill men call Civility . 

SPENSER 

When the gracious three were ready Aphrodite stepped 
into her chariot formed of a single sea shell. Taking 
the silken reins in her hands she spoke gently to her snow 
white doves: 

“Draw me quickly to seagirt Cyprus. Let no time 
pass before I set my foot upon the island of my birth.” 

The reins straightened and as a sunbeam comes to 
earth, so swiftly was the chariot drawn to Cyprus. On 
magic sandals the Graces followed. Lightly Aphrodite 
stepped upon the sand. Anxiously she waited for the 
magic of life to return, but no flowers bloomed where 
she gazed, no varied colors, no sweet odors charmed her 
senses. Another step she took upon the sand, but dry 
and rigid it remained, and no life came to the hills. A 
great sadness took possession of her heart. 

It was then that the winged messenger saw her. 
Dropping quickly to her side, Hermes spoke to her. 

“I was about to seek you in your Olympian abode, 
fair Aphrodite.” 


86 


APHRODITE ON HER SACRED ISLAND 


“I came here hoping, with my power, to save my 
sacred island from the curse which has been put upon 
all the earth,” she replied sadly, “but whatever curse 
this is, it is greater than my power.” 

“Enter your chariot, fair Aphrodite, and go quickly 
to the palace of Zeus. A council of the gods will find 
both the reason and the cure for the curse upon the land.” 

“Happy words are those, swift-footed Hermes. I go 
at once.” 

Entering her sea-shell chariot and bidding the Graces 
follow, the goddess of love and beauty fared swiftly over 
the wide deep and the mountain peaks to the home of 
the lord of the dark clouds. 


HEPHAESTUS 

Those who labor 

The sweaty forge, who edge the crooked scythe, 
Bend stubborn steel, and harden gleaming armor, 
Acknowledge Vulcan's aid . 

PRIOR 

Hephaestus was called Vulcan by the Romans. 


88 


Chapter VIII 



HERMES VISITS 
HEPHAESTUS 


T HOUGH Hephaestus, artist and craftsman of the 
gods, had his palace upon Olympus, Hermes knew 
that he loved best his workshop in the heart of the 
mountain. As Hermes drew near he heard a booming 
and a roaring which told him that Hephaestus was hard 
at work in his smoky smithy in the deeps of the burning 
mountain. 

“Hail, Hephaestus, artist of the gods,” he called as 
he reached the opening to the cavern. Hephaestus 
limped slowly toward him as he heard the call. His 
short chiton (ki' ton) helped him to walk more freely 
and his pointed cap made him seem like a workman, 
but the dignity of his face proclaimed him a god. 

Hermes looked about the cave. Near the forge two 
giant Cyclopes (si klo pez), assistants to Hephaestus, 
were at work. Only for a moment did each giant turn 
his one huge eye toward Hermes, then he bent again to 
his clanging and hammering. The noise was deafen- 


89 


THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS 


ing, but what could be seen brought gladness to the 
heart of the winged messenger. At a word of command 
from Hephaestus, the bellows, twenty in number, blew 
strong blasts upon the melting vats. Thereupon the 
great one-eyed giants cast upon the fire tough bronze 
and tin, precious gold and silver. 

On jutting shelves of rock, on walls and all about 
the cave were objects of Hephaestus’ skill. There were 
well-wrought bowls, some of gold with rims of silver, 
some with silver inlay of rare design. In these, Hermes 
knew, nectar would be served to the gods. On the 
sooty walls were shields of intricate pattern. On one 
shone emblems of the earth, the sun, the moon, and 
the stars; on another, a fair city; while yet another bore 
the crests of mountains and grazing sheep. There were 
golden shoes for the immortals. With these they trod 
the air or water, and moved lightly, swiftly, between 
heaven and earth. There were horseshoes fashioned of 
brass. With these Hephaestus shod the celestial steeds 
which whirled the chariots of the gods through the air, 
over mountain and valley, sea and river. 

A chariot of beautiful design stood on one side of the 
cavern, the body made entirely of gold, the eight-spoked 
wheels made of brass with rims of gold and hubs of 
shining silver. In this, some god would speed over the 
dark waters and over the wide ways of the earth. 

On another rocky wall hung designs which had been 


90 

























































« 






* 












* 








■ 

■ 1 













* 

■ 






■ 






■ ■ 


















/ 













Two giant Cyclopes , assistants to Hephaestus, were at 
wor\. Only for a moment did each 
92 














turn his one huge eye toward Hermes, then bent again 
to his clanging and hammering 
93 











HERMES VISITS HEPHAESTUS 


used for the palaces of the gods on Olympus. All of 
these immortal abodes had been built by Hephaestus. 
For the great Zeus he had created a palace of shining 
gold and chased silver, and of gleaming ivory and 
burnished brass. 

Many tripods stood about. Hermes knew these were 
gifts for the homes of the gods. Hephaestus was able 
to bestow upon his workmanship self-motion, so these 
tripods could move of themselves in and out of the 
celestial halls. With this great gift, Hephaestus had 
made two beautiful statues of gold which followed him 
about aiding him in his lameness. 

“Hail, Hermes,” cried Hephaestus, “what errand 
brings you to my smoky cave?” A powerful, brawny 
man he was, and in his hand he bore a huge hammer. 

“Hephaestus, immortal craftsman, a council of all the 
greater gods convenes upon Olympus today. Hasten 
at once to the palace of the great Zeus.” 

“What cause?” asked Hephaestus. 

Before Hermes could reply, through the entrance to 
the cave came Dionysus. The wreath of ivy which 
adorned his tresses hung dry and lifeless. Sadness cov¬ 
ered the countenance which was wont to be so gay. 

“What harm has befallen you, O god of happiness 
and mirth?” cried Hephaestus in great alarm. 

“As you know, Hephaestus, the season of fresh growth 
in past years has always been a season of gladness and 
95 


THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS 


joy, but, alas, this very hour when the grapevine should 
give promise of fruit, the sap of life has gone from it. 
Good Hephaestus, never before has the vine on your 
volcanic mountain failed to fulfill its promise of fruit. 
Know you the cause of this strange happening?” 

Overcome by sorrow and weariness, Dionysus, the god 
of the fruit of the vine, god of mirth and joyousness, 
fell to the floor of the cave and dropped his head upon 
his arm. 

“What means this, Hermes?” asked Hephaestus, “As 
you know I am never so happy as when I am in my 
smoky workshop. For many days I have labored pre¬ 
paring for a feast of the gods. New tripods for the 
banquet hall, golden shoes for the celestials, well-wrought 
bowls for the nectar—all these have I made. Much time 
has passed and nothing have I seen of the world out¬ 
side. Speak, Hermes.” 

“Alas, Hephaestus, the joyous Dionysus speaks truly. 
It is for that cause you are summoned to the palace of 
Zeus. Make ready without delay. I must fare over 
the wide ways of the earth in search of Apollo, god of 
light and prophecy.” With these words Hermes winged 
his way through the cave’s entrance. 

Aided by the golden statues Hephaestus made ready. 
Golden shoes gifted with motion were strapped to his 
feet. Then with his handmaidens, one on each side, he 
turned to Dionysus. 


96 


HERMES VISITS HEPHAESTUS 

“Remain here, good friend, joyous news I will bring 
to you.” 

No answer came from the stricken Dionysus, and sadly 
shaking his great head, Hephaestus started on his way. 
His golden handmaidens bore him smoothly and swiftly 
to the crests of fragrant Olympus. 


97 


APOLLO 


Bright-haired Apollo!—thou who ever art 
A blessing to the world—whose mighty heart 
Forever pours out love, and light, and life; 
Thou, at whose glance, all things of earth are rife 
With happiness; to whom, in early spring, 
Bright flowers raise up their heads, where'er 
they cling 

On the steep mountain side, or in the vale 
Are nestled calmly . Thou at whom the pale 
And weary earth loo\s up, when winter flees, 
With patient gaze; thou for whom wind- 
stripped trees 

Put on fresh leaves, and drin\ deep of the light 
That glitters in thine eye; thou in whose bright 
And hottest rays the eagle fills his eye 
With quenchless fire, and far, far up on high 
Screams out his joy to thee, . . . 

. . . oh, hear 

Our hymn to thee, and willingly draw near! 

PIKE 

Apollo was called Apollo by the Romans. 


98 


Chapter IX 


HERMES SEEKS 
PHOEBUS APOLLO 

F AR to the east swift Hermes sped, for here was to 
be found the earthly home of Apollo. When he 
saw below him a palace of blazing light he dropped 
quickly before the golden gate at the entrance. It was 
from this palace that the sun chariot departed each morn¬ 
ing upon its daily course across the sky. It was to this 
palace of blazing light it returned each night, borne across 
the sea in a golden bowl. 

Hermes’ knock was answered and he was taken be¬ 
fore Apollo, god of the Silver Bow. Youthful, strong, 
beautiful was this god of light. His purple garments 
hung in cloud-like folds about him. His head was en¬ 
circled by a wreath of laurel, and his long hair streamed 
down his shoulders like so many sunbeams. Behind him 
on the shining wall hung his silver bow. His lyre 
hung by a band across his chest. 

When he saw Hermes he placed his lyre beside him 
and turned to hear the message. 



99 



THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS 


“Dear Apollo, god of the Silver Bow, god of light 
and prophecy, I bring a message from the great Zeus. 
He would have all of the gods come before him in his 
Olympian palace.” 

“This, swift-footed Hermes, is not an unexpected sum¬ 
mons.” 

“Surely you who care for young kine; you, to whom 
all the cliffs are dear; you, who love the steep mountain 
crests and rivers running onward to the salt sea, surely 
you with your all-seeing eye may know something of 
the great trouble which has been put upon all the earth.” 

“Good Hermes, inventor of the far-heard music of 
the reed pipes, and immortal herald, to you let me speak 
forth the truth. Something I do know of the trouble 
which has been put upon the tribes of earthborn men.” 

“Then great service shall you render the council of 
the gods. Is there aught which I might know of this, 
Apollo, god of light?” 

There was a silence. Then Apollo spoke thoughtfully. 

“Hermes of the winged sandals, have you learned 
aught of Demeter, giver of goodly crops, as you fared 
over the wide earth?” 

“It was not I, but Iris of the rainbow garments who 
was sent by Zeus to search for Dcmeter,” Hermes made 
answer. 

“Know you whether or not Demeter obeyed the 
Olympian summons?” 


100 













HERMES SEEKS PHOEBUS APOLLO 


“I know not, good Phoebus Apollo. But, surely, the 
summons of Zeus, the Thunderer, could not be dis¬ 
obeyed.” 

“Fare you onward to Olympus, swift Hermes, and 
there all that has happened shall be made known.” 

“What of the Olympian summons to you, Apollo, god 
of light?” 

“Swift Hermes, there is something which lies in the 
heart of Demeter alone, and there is something which 
lies in the mind of Zeus. There have been secret coun¬ 
cils, and of these the eternal gods know naught.” 

“Your words I hear, Apollo, but they bring me no 
meaning.” 

“Their meaning you will soon learn in the immortal 
council of the gods.” 

Apollo’s thoughts seemed far away. 

“Then you will come in answer to the summons of 
great Zeus?” 

There was pleading in Hermes’ voice. 

Apollo made answer: 

“The summons shall wait while I search for answers 
to the questions which trouble me.” 

“Apollo, god of light and prophecy, your words fill 
me with foreboding. I shall delay my return no longer.” 

Like an eagle Hermes soared toward many-ridged 
Olympus. 

Apollo picked up his lyre and sang of the herds that 
103 


THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS 

graze in the field and of the suffering the dead earth had 
brought them. He sang of the youth of mortals whose 
health and strength he guarded. Again he placed his 
lyre beside him as other thoughts came to him. Of what 
use would be his power of healing if field and tree 
gave no blessing to mortals? Of what use the gifts of 
the Muses if music and poetry were gone from the lives 
of mortals? Then in prophetic mood he saw the grief 
and suffering which would grow upon the wide earth 
if life and richness returned not to the soil. 

Apollo arose and went forth into the open. There he 
saw Pegasus, the winged horse, where he awaited the 
return of the Muses. The beautiful animal searched 
among the dry grass to find a fresh blade to cheer and 
refresh him, but the ground was covered with dry stub¬ 
ble. Apollo sighed as he watched him. There had been 
nothing to bring joy to the winged horse for many days. 
No immortal mounted him to climb to misty heights. It 
was his joy to spread his wings and soar over tall moun¬ 
tains and vast seas. He waited to be called forth on joyous 
flight. He looked pleadingly at Apollo, whose favorite 
mount he was. 

Apollo turned to the forest. Many animals were sacred 
to him. What of them? Hunger would come alike to 
the fierce wolf and the frightened mouse, to the he-goat 
and the ram, to the dolphin and the swan. 

He thought of his goodly temple at the foot of snowy 


104 


HERMES SEEKS PHOEBUS APOLLO 


Parnassus. Here mortals were wont to bring him rich 
gifts. Here mortals were wont to come seeking prophetic 
word from the great god Apollo. He bowed his head. 
No word of hope had he sent them. No light had he 
shed upon the dark future. 

Then he summoned in haste his golden chariot. His 
silver bow and quiver he took in his hand. He called 
to his fleet horses and at the sound of his immortal voice 
they stretched forward like long winged birds, and with 
the speed of light, Phoebus Apollo was on the cloudy 
crest where dwelt the immortals. 


105 


HESTIA 

Sacred to thoughts immaculate and pure . 

YOUNG 

Hcstia was called Vesta by the Romans. 


HESTIA’S FIRE 

Whose sacred embers neer expire. 

VIRGIL 

Conington $ translation 


106 


Chapter X 


HESTIA BEFORE HER 
SACRED HEARTH 

S WIFTER than thought Hermes was on Olympus. 

As the goddesses of the Seasons drew aside the cur¬ 
tain of clouds, he passed lightly to the palace of Zeus. 
In the very center of this mansion of burnished gold, 
chased silver, and gleaming ivory would be found the 
sacred hearth and here would be found Hestia, its guard¬ 
ian and keeper. For it was the desire of Zeus that Hestia, 
goddess of the hearth, should ever be found before this 
sanctuary in his great palace. It was his desire that 
she receive the choicest morsels of the feast, and from 
mortals, reverence as the oldest and worthiest of the gods. 

Here Hermes found her standing with great dignity, 
her garments falling in loose folds about her. Here 
was Hestia, deity of the hearth, tending the holy fire. 
Thus the Homeric Hymns sing of her: 

Hestia, thou that in the lofty halls of all immortal 
Gods, and of all men that go on earth, hast obtained 
an eternal place and the foremost honor, splendid 
107 


THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS 


is thy glory and thy gift, for there is no banquet 
of mortals without thee, none where, Hestia, they 
be not wont first and last to ma\e to thee oblation 
of sweet wine * 

With winged words Hermes spoke. 

“Hestia, goddess of the hearth, come with me to the 
great hall of the palace. The king of all of the gods 
has called the immortals to appear in council before him.” 

As the goddess turned at the sound of the silvery voice, 
Hermes saw sadness upon the noble brow. The pain 
in her voice as she replied caught at his heart. 

“Swift Hermes, the prayers offered before the hearths 
of mortals are filled with grief.” 

“Dear and honored Hestia, come without delay. It 
is for this reason the great Zeus has called a council of 
all the blessed gods. Come! ” 

“I come, Hermes, bringer of tidings, but not for long. 
My place is ever before this sacred hearth.” 

Swiftly they moved from the hearth, the center of 
the palace, through halls, lofty and winding, to the 
entrance of the celestial gathering place. There Hermes 
paused. On thrones of gold the immortals were seated. 
The noble Zeus sat at one end of the spacious room with 
Hera, his queen, at his side. Then Hermes saw that 
four empty thrones remained in the shining circle. 
Hestia entered and took her place. 


Tr. by Andrew Lang. 


108 



















HESTIA BEFORE HER SACRED HEARTH 

But what of the three empty thrones? 

At that moment there was a blaze of light in the 
entrance, and Apollo stood beside Hermes. 

“Have all of the immortals assembled, swift Hermes?” 

“No one sits upon your golden throne nor mine— 
but there is one other, Apollo, god of prophecy ” 

“Alas, I feared it would be so.” 

These winged words Apollo spoke and then fared 
through the hall of Zeus. Before him the gods rose up 
all from their thrones as he drew near with his shining 
bow. Then from his mighty shoulders was taken the 
bow and quiver. Against the pillar beside the throne 
of father Zeus were they hung upon a golden pin. 
Then Apollo advanced to his throne, and as he sat 
in shining splendor the assembled gods gave him greet¬ 
ing and again sat upon their thrones. 

The mighty head of Zeus turned toward Hermes. 

“Swift-footed messenger, your work is well done, but 
naught has been heard of Iris.” 

“Most powerful Zeus, then is Demeter not come?” 

“Not only has Demeter not come, swift Hermes, but 
no word has come from her, nor from Iris, messenger 
of Hera, who was sent to summon her.” 

Slowly Hermes, who was ever swift, went forward 
and sat upon his throne. Then all eyes were turned to 
the golden throne to which no immortal had come— 
the throne of the fair-tressed Demeter. 


ill 


HECATE 

So shine out fair, 0 moon! To thee l sing 
My soft low song: to thee and Hecate 
The dweller in the shades, at whose approach 
E'en the dogs quake, as on she moves through blood 
And darkness and the barrows of the slain . 

All hail, dread Hecate. 

THEOCRITUS 
Cavcrly*$ translation 


112 


Chapter XI 



IRIS SEEKS DEMETER 


W HEN Iris of the shining wings and trailing rain¬ 
bow garments left the presence of Zeus, she passed 
to earth with slanting flight. Lightly she fared over 
the wide land but naught did she see of the fair-tressed 
Demeter. Only dying forests and fruitless fields were 
below her. 

Then she came to a flock of sheep wandering over 
a brown meadow. Hungrily they searched for green 
blades of grass. Sadness caught at the heart of Iris. 
Near the sheep and seated at the top of a tall rock she 
saw Pan. Might not this god of the woods and fields, 
this god of flocks and shepherds know of the whereabouts 
of Demeter? Pan, the goat-footed, the two-horned, who 
haunts the wooded dells with dancing nymphs . . . 

Lord is he of every snowy crest and mountain 
pea\ and roc\y path . . Hither and thither he goes 
through the thic\ copses, sometimes being drawn 
to the still waters, and sometimes faring through 


113 


THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS 


the lofty crags he climbs the highest pea\ whence 
the flocks are seen below; ever he ranges over the 
white hills, and ever among the knolls he chases and 
slays the wild beasts, the God, with keen eye, and 
at evening returns piping from the chase, breathing 
sweet strains on the reeds . . . . With him then the 
mountain nymphs, the shrill singers, go wandering 
with light feet, and sing at the side of the dar\ water 
of the well, while the echo moans along the moun¬ 
tain crest, and the God leaps hither and thither, and 
goes into the midst, with many a step of the dance . 
On his bac\ he wears the tawny hide of a lynx, and 
his heart rejoices with shrill songs in the soft meadow 
where crocus and fragrant hyacinth bloom all 
mingled amidst the grass. They sing of the blessed 
Gods and of high Olympus, and above all do they 
sing of boon Hermes, how he is the fleet herald 
of all the Gods* 

Iris dropped beside the god, Pan, who ranges over 
the high white hills, who haunts the wooded dells with 
dancing nymphs, who returns piping from the chase, 
breathing sweet strains on the reeds. His goat’s feet 
which were wont to be so gay rested softly in the dry 
grass. His goat’s horns which flung about so gayly in 
the dance were without joyous motion. His pipes were 

# Homeric Hymns—Andrew Lang tr. 

114 




“At evening he returns piping from the chase t breathing 
sweet strains on the reeds . . " 

115 

































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IRIS SEEKS DEMETER 


quiet in his hands. He looked at the flock of sheep, 
hungry in the meadow. 

Iris spoke softly. 

“Pan, god of sweet laughter, who makes glad the 
hearts of the immortals, tell me of fair-tressed Demeter. 
I seek her with summons from Olympus.” 

“Iris, bright-winged messenger of Hera, I have seen 
the fair-tressed Demeter pass sadly over the hills.” 

“Sadly, Pan? And did you have words with her?” 

“Few words. Iris, but a dark veil was cast about her 
shoulders, and a torch was in her hand and when greet¬ 
ing I gave, she spoke, and asked if I knew aught of 
Persephone (per sef' o ne), her fair daughter.” 

“O Pan, god of the wooded hills, maker of sweet 
music, I must be gone. I seek Demeter and if grief 
has come to her then is the need to find her greater 
than I knew.” 

Sadly Pan remained at the foot of the tall rock while 
Iris winged her way onward. With keen eyes searching 
she sped over the wide valleys, once heavy with corn, 
over high hills where flocks were wont to munch the 
green grass. There came a whining and a howling 
of dogs and below her Iris saw Hecate (hec' a te), three¬ 
fold goddess of earth, heaven, and the lower world, com¬ 
ing forth from a rocky cavern. 

She followed her way to the crossroads, her three 
forms looking the three ways. There she waited to 


117 


THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS 


practice her cunning, her sorcery, her witchcraft. Iris 
dropped beside her as she stood there gloomy, filled with 
dark thoughts, bearing torches in her hands. 

“Hecate of the shining headtire, have tidings of the 
whereabouts of Demeter come to you?” Iris asked of 
the gloomy one. 

“I have seen Lady Demeter, messenger from Olym¬ 
pus,” the voice came in reply heavy with foreboding. 

“Tell me of her and where I may find her,” Iris urged 
in haste. 

Then were the three forms of Hecate shaken with 
groans. 

Iris begged of her to cease her lamenting and tell what 
she knew of Demeter. 

“ ’Twas I who heard the cry. ’Twas I who heard 
the cry.” Hecate groaned. 

Then Iris tried to calm Hecate and begged her to 
tell whose cry it was she had heard. 

“The cry of Persephone when she was borne away,” 
Hecate answered. 

“Who is it, Hecate, who has borne Persephone away? 
Who is it of gods or mortal men?” 

“Though I held my torches high I could not see the 
guilty one.” And Hecate’s sorrow broke forth once more. 

“Tell me, Hecate, what has become of Demeter?” 
Iris asked. 

Then Hecate in a voice heavy with grief told how 


118 


IRIS SEEKS DEMETER 


Demater had come to her and how with burning torches 
held high they had fared over land and sea, over snowy 
crest and soft meadow searching for the lost Persephone, 
and how none had told them of the child. 

“And now in fragrant Eleusis, Demeter sits apart from 
all the blessed gods, her heart filled with bitterness.” 

Her tale ended, Hecate disappeared. A loud barking 
of dogs came to the ears of Iris. Then quickly, with 
rainbow garments trailing behind her, the messenger 
sped over hill and meadow, over sea and mountain crest 
until she came to the citadel of fragrant Eleusis. 


119 


DEMETER SEEKS PERSEPHONE 


What ails her that she comes not home? 
Demeter seeks her far and wide, 

And gloomy-browed doth ceaseless roam 
From many a morn till eventide . 

“My life immortal though it be, 

Is naught ! 99 she cries, “for want of thee, 
Persephone — Persephone ! 99 

JNGELOW 

Demeter was called Ceres by the Romans. 


120 


Chapter XII 


DEMETER SITS APART 


T O THE temple of the citadel of fragrant Eleusis 
Iris sped. There she found Demeter clothed in 
dark raiment, mourning the loss of her daughter. 

In winged words Iris spoke to her: 

“Demeter, goddess of the harvest, I come to you with 
immortal summons. Zeus, the greatest and most power¬ 
ful, bids you return to the tribes of the eternal gods.” 

Demeter did not rise from the place where she sat, 
nor did she speak. 

Iris came nearer to the dark figure with bowed head 
and addressed her again. 

“Come, Demeter, loved of all the immortals, come, 
that the word of Zeus may prevail over mortal and im¬ 
mortal alike.” 

“Iris, fair messenger of Hera, you speak lightly. What 
do you know of a mother’s sorrow? And these many 
days I have been without word from Olympus. I have 
been forgotten while my heart has been filled with pain. 


121 


THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS 


No immortal from Olympus has come offering help in 
my grief, no bird of the air has sought me with sooth¬ 
saying message. I have been forgotten indeed. Now 
you come and bid me rise hastily and answer the call 
from Olympus.” 

“Demeter, I am indeed come with message from Olym¬ 
pus. Come with me and all wounds may be healed in 
the immortal council.” 

“Iris, your heart is warm and it is your desire that all 
should be well, but, gentle messenger, can the immortal 
council bring back to me my beloved daughter?” 

“Demeter, bringer of fruit to the earth, that I can not 
answer, but this I know, the word of Zeus must prevail! ” 

Though Demeter made no answer, she lifted her head 
and gazed at Iris with eyes in which such sadness lay 
that the messenger was moved to pity and begged of 
Demeter to tell more of her sorrow. 

Then sadly her tale she told. 

“Over the wide earth and the teeming sea I sped in 
search of Persephone, but no one, mortal or immortal, 
has told me all the truth. I stood before the car of Apollo, 
god of light, and begged him to look upon me with pity. 
Surely he would know all, I thought, Apollo, whose rays 
of light may shine upon every mountain and valley and 
upon earth and sea alike. And so I asked him who 
it was who had taken Persephone against her will. Her 
voice had come to me shrilly entreating and though I 
122 









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“The seed of the corn and the seed of the white barley 
shall fall fruitless on the land, for earth shall 
124 










not send up her grain nor shall the sap run in vine or 
tree until my eyes have looked upon Persephone” 

125 












DEMETER SITS APART 


had sought her over the wide ways of the earth yet 
naught had I learned of her.” 

“Ah, Demeter, surely Apollo told you what truth he 
knew.” Iris was moved by the telling of Demeter’s sad 
search. 

“Listen well to the tale,” Demeter replied. “Apollo 
answered my plea in this manner: ‘Queen Demeter, I 
do pity you in your sorrow and you shall know all the 
truth. The great Zeus, the king of the gods, the gath¬ 
erer of the clouds, gave word to Pluto, his brother, that 
Persephone should be his queen, and Pluto came forth 
from beneath the earth driving his sable horses, seized 
Persephone and carried her in his chariot beneath the 
dusky gloom. Her voice rent the air and the moun¬ 
tain peaks rang with her entreaties, and now you know 
it was her voice which came to your ears.’ Thus he spoke 
to me.” 

Iris waited for the unhappy goddess to continue. 

“Then, O Iris, did Apollo reason with me in this 
way: ‘Goddess, do not lament, do not hold anger in 
your heart, for Pluto is no unseemly lord for your daugh¬ 
ter. Is he not fair owner of all the wealth that is in the 
earth? Remember, so that your grief may abate, that 
when all the universe was divided into three parts, Pluto 
won the kingdom beneath the earth for his own, a fair 
third of all that is, and there he is king!’ ” Demeter 
bowed her head as she finished the tale. 


127 


THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS 


“Ah, good Demeter, there is truth in his pleading.” 
Iris spoke softly, but the bitterness in the heart of Deme¬ 
ter answered her: 

“Shall the gods hold secret council and take from the 
goddess of the harvest all that is dear to her? Shall the 
days pass and the nights while the joys of ambrosia and 
sweet nectar are denied her, while cooling waters do not 
refresh her, while she seeks with burning torches that 
which is dearer to her than her immortality, and naught 
but silence come from Olympus in answer to her cry? 
Listen well, Iris, winged messenger from Olympus .” 
And the head of Demeter was lifted, and the voice of 
Demeter was firm, as she said, “The seed of the corn and 
the seed of the white barley shall fall fruitless on the land, 
for earth shall not send up her grain nor shall the sap 
run in vine or tree until my eyes have looked upon my 
Persephone.” 

“Ah, Demeter, do not harden your heart against the 
immortals. Surely the great Zeus meant happiness to 
result for all.” And the voice of Iris trembled. Demeter’s 
bitter words filled her heart with fear. 

To this, Demeter made no answer. 

“Come, Demeter, let us join the council of the im¬ 
mortals. Surely justice will be done when all is known 
upon Olympus.” 

Still there was no reply from the holy Demeter. 

“Blessed Demeter, know you that the tribes of earth- 


128 


DEMETER SITS APART 


born men may perish from the stress of famine if you 
return not to the council of the immortals?” 

No reply came from the dark-mantled goddess. Slowly 
Iris spread her shining wings, and no word stayed her 
going. Then with bright-hued garments trailing across 
the sky, she sped through the space between «arth and 
heaven. Sadness filled her heart. 


129 


AND THE GODS WENT FORTH 

Thereafter the Father sent forth all the blessed 
Gods, all of the Immortals, and coming one by one 
they bade Demeter return, and gave her many splen¬ 
did gifts, and all honors that she might choose 
among the immortal gods . But none availed to 
persuade by turning her mind and her angry heart, 
so stubbornly she refused their sayings . 

HOMERIC HYMNS 
Andrew Lang translation 


130 


Chapter XIII 


0 



THE GODS BID 
DEMETER RETURN 


S O IRIS came to many-ridged Olympus. Through 
the folds of clouds, through the golden doors of 
the palace of Zeus she passed, and she stood in the 
entrance to the great hall where waited the Immortals. 
The blaze of splendor was so blinding that for a moment 
Iris stood without seeing. Then the voice of Zeus came 
to her, bidding her let Demeter enter at once. 

Then sight came to Iris but not speech, for the eyes 
of all the celestials were upon her. The power and 
wonder of them left her without strength. Again Zeus 
spoke to her telling her not to stand silently, but to bring 
Demeter before him. 

At last speech came to Iris. 

“Most powerful Zeus, Demeter sits apart in the frag¬ 
rant Eleusis and will not come to the council of all the 
blessed gods.” 

Then did Zeus speak in a voice of thunder and all 
Olympus trembled. 


131 



THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS 


“Shall the summons of Zeus be disobeyed? Shall the 
goddess to whom the great Zeus has given honor spurn 
his commands?” 

All of the immortals held silence until the anger of 
the great Zeus should abate, then did they all demand 
to know of this honor which had come to Demeter. 

And so the great father spoke again. 

“Listen well. The time had come when a queen was 
to be chosen for one of the three great kingdoms, the 
kingdom of the lower world, the kingdom of Pluto, 
giver of all the blessings that come from the earth, pow¬ 
erful monarch of the realms of the dead. Much did 
I ponder the choice of this queen. My decision must be 
filled with wisdom, and I allowed no thoughts of other 
matters to befog my mind. 

“The queen of this realm must be beautiful and gay 
—a bringer of light and joy to the dark palace beneath 
the earth. I bethought me of Persephone, fair daughter 
of Demeter. For is she not beautiful and gay, a bringer 
of light and joy? And, also, is not Demeter deserving 
of honor? Is she not a giver of all good things? So 
was my choice made. So did the joyous Persephone 
become the queen of the lower world, the guardian of 
all the richness beneath the earth and queen of the realm 
of the dead.” 

For a moment there was silence among the celestials, 
then the voice of Apollo was heard. 

132 


THE GODS BID DEMETER RETURN 

“Immortal father, sharp pain caught at the heart of 
Demeter when she heard the mountain peaks ring with 
the cry of Persephone. For Pluto stole her daughter 
away all unwillingly, nor told Demeter of her going, 
nor of the plans of the great Zeus. Many days did the 
sad Demeter seek in vain. Then she came and stood 
beside my chariot and questioned me. Only then did 
she learn tidings of her daughter. Though I spoke of 
the honor to Persephone, she gave no ear to my words.” 

The great Zeus pondered and then made answer: 

“God of light, the truth of your words pierces my 
heart. Alas, that my summons to the goddess was of 
no avail, for Demeter must join our council.” 

After a great silence Zeus spoke again: 

“Then shall all the immortals go forth, save Hestia, 
alone. Let her remain near the sacred fire. One by 
one shall you bid Demeter return to us. One by one 
shall you offer her splendid gifts from what store you 
have. What honors she may desire, those shall she 
choose. Do not delay—but go so that you may more 
quickly bring Demeter before me where I wait.” 

And the gods went forth. White-amned Hera stepped 
lightly into her chariot, brazen-wheeled, with plait-work 
of gold and silver thongs. Her fleet horses, golden-yoked, 
Iris swiftly put to the car. Athene, with her robe, many- 
colored, woven by her own hands, cloud-like in the air, 
sped after the gleaming car. Then brazen Ares entered 


133 


THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS 


his chariot, where it waited, Discord holding the reins, 
and pressed forward. Came Poseidon, the Earth-shaker; 
Hermes, the swift; Hephaestus, in the pride of his great 
strength, borne by golden servants; Artemis, the Archer; 
Apollo of the shining locks, and Aphrodite, the laughter- 

In shining procession did they descend in slanting 
flight. 

Faring swiftly over the wide earth and the teeming 
sea they came to the fragrant Eleusis. One by one they 
bade Demeter return. One by one they gave splendid 
gifts, immortal, from their rich store. One by one they 
offered her Olympian honors, whatever she might 
desire. 

To all, the dark-mantled goddess gave reply from the 
bitterness in her heart. 

“Nevermore shall I enter fragrant Olympus, and 
nevermore shall earth bear fruit until my eyes behold 
my fair-faced daughter.” 

Then the shining procession sped back to Olympus 
and carried these tidings to the great Zeus, where he 
awaited them. 

When the far-seeing Zeus, the lord of the loud 
thunder-peal, had heard these tidings, he turned to 
Hermes, the god of the golden wand, the winged 
messenger, and spoke these words, and there was a 
weariness in his voice: 


134 



Speedily he went forth beneath the hollow places of the 
earth while the celestials waited in the great hall 
135 







THE GODS BID DEMETER RETURN 


“Since wisdom and justice must be at the heart of 
every thought and every act, let Themis, goddess of 
justice, be summoned.” 

Themis was never far from the throne of Zeus, for 
her advice was needed always when the affairs of men 
or gods were to be settled. No sooner had Hermes 
gone in search of her than he returned with her beside 
him. In one hand she held a sword and chain, for her 
decrees were severe when the offense deserved it. In 
the other hand she held a balance, for her decrees were 
just. She was indeed the goddess of law and justice. 
She took her place beside the throne of Zeus and turned 
her large open eyes toward the great father as she waited 
for him to tell of his need for her. 

In winged words all was told. She nodded her sage 
head and spoke: 

“A mighty matter this to come before the council of 
the gods. Proceed, father Zeus. By your side I shall 
stand and no thought which is not just may come to you.” 

Then the great Zeus turned again to Hermes and a 
new firmness was in his voice. 

“Go, Hermes, seek Pluto in the underworld. With 
soft words persuade him to bring up the holy Persephone 
into the light, that her mother may behold her, and 
that her anger may relent.” 

Then Themis, goddess of justice, turned to Zeus. 

“Most powerful Zeus, do you now call to mind the 
137 


THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS 


great law of Pluto’s kingdom—‘He who tastes food 
in the realm of the dead may never again live upon 
the earth or in the heavens above.’ ” 

A dark silence fell upon the gathering of the immor¬ 
tals, then Zeus spoke: 

“Is it not true that Persephone cried out protesting 
when Pluto bore her away in his golden chariot? Is 
it not true that if bitterness filled her heart at her going 
she will have no wish to stay in the dark underworld? 
Surely then she will not be forgetful of the law of 
Pluto’s kingdom.” 

Then the immortal gods were filled with awe. Per¬ 
sephone, all youth and joyousness, would she remember 
the great law? Would she, in her hunger, remember 
this penalty? 

“Zeus, father of all, it may now be too late. Surely 
one so young, so full of life, could not resist the food 
with which Pluto would be sure to tempt her,” said 
Athene sadly. 

With slow voice the great father replied: 

“Then Persephone, fair daughter of Demeter, shall 
no longer have her abode with the immortal gods on 
cloudy Olympus, but shall dwell forever beneath the 
dark hollows of the earth.” 

The brilliant light which clothed Apollo seemed 
dimmed as he said: 

“Demeter’s heart is filled with a great bitterness and 
138 


THE GODS BID DEMETER RETURN 

if all this comes to pass her anger will not lessen but 
will increase.” 

Then the hearts of the immortals were heavy with 
foreboding. If Demeter’s anger did not lessen, the 
dwellers of the earth would perish and the gods that 
hold mansions on Olympus would know no more of 
the sweet sacrifices offered by mortals. Even the warlike 
head of Ares was bowed. Of what avail his thunderbolts 
against the power of Demeter? They had power to 
destroy life on earth, but they had no power to restore 
life to the earth. 

Zeus turned to his winged messenger and said: 

“Delay no longer.” 

And Hermes disobeyed not the commands of Zeus, 
but straightway and speedily went forth beneath the 
hollow places of the earth while the celestials waited in 
the great hall of Zeus. They waited and knew at last 
the cause of the grief which had fallen upon the world. 
They waited and knew that with all their combined 
powers the earth-dwellers might perish and leave the 
gods without usefulness and so without joy in their 
immortality. 


139 


THE KINGDOM OF PLUTO 

What sounds were heard, 

What scenes appeared, 

O f er all the dreary coasts! 

Dreadful gleams, 

Dismal screams, 

Fires that glow, 

Shrieks of woe. 

Sullen moans, 

Hollow groans, 

And cries of tortured ghosts . 

ADDISON 

Pluto was called Pluto by the Romans. 


140 


Chapter XIV 



HERMES GOES TO 
PLUTO’S KINGDOM 


W INDS singing along the wine-dark sea sped 
Hermes on his way. The path he followed now 
he knew full well, for was he not the guide who led the 
shades of the dead to the kingdom under the earth, the 
kingdom of Pluto? 

As Hermes came to the wide-gated entrance, the 
willow trees drooped sadly and a sighing came from 
the silver poplars. With his Caduceus he knocked 
against the heavily barred gate. 

A bark, thrice repeated, answered him. 

“Down, Cerberus,” he cried to the three-headed dog 
which guarded the entrance into the underworld. Well 
did Cereberus know the voice of Hermes, and the gate 
swung wide. He entered and walked in darkness. 
Cries and groans came to him from all sides. Sounds 
of swishing waters made him pause. 

Before him he saw the river Styx (stiks) which flowed 
nine times around the underworld. On its banks old 


141 


THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS 

Charon (ka' ron) sat in his boat waiting to take to the 
other side the shades of the dead. A host of eager spirits 
pressed forward to claim a place in the boat. 

“Have you the ferryman’s fare?” cried Charon in a 
terrible voice. 

Some answered yes, and those Charon took across a 
few at a time. Some cried no, and though they told 
Charon that those who loved them had only forgotten 
to send the ferryman’s fare of one obolus (ob'olus), 
yet was he merciless. 

“For one hundred years shall you shiver on these 
dread shores,” was his answer. 

But Hermes sped on. He passed the tribunal of 
Minos, where the spirits learned whether their actions 
on earth had earned for them happiness or misery. 

The wicked were sent into torment. Dire monsters 
waited to take vengeance upon all those earth-dwellers 
who had not obeyed the laws of man and of their gods. 
The Furies seized them and scourged them with their 
whips. They dragged them over fiery floods to the 
awful gates of Tartarus into whose horrible depths they 
were hurled as the brazen gates swung open. Here they 
found the dread Titans who had been driven to these 
depths by the dwellers on Olympus. Here they found the 
Danaides (dan a' i deez), the fifty daughters of that 
cruel king of Argos who had decreed that they should 
kill their husbands that no one of them might take from 


142 



“Down, Cerberus!”—Well did Cerberus {now the voice 
of Hermes, and the gate swung wide 
143 









HERMES GOES TO PLUTO’S KINGDOM 

him his throne. Here the forty-nine who had obeyed the 
wicked father were doomed to draw water to fill a large 
cask. But, alas, the cask was filled with holes, and so 
the wicked daughters were doomed to follow one another 
in sad procession bearing water forever and forever. 
Great tears fell from the dwellers in Tartarus and they 
rolled into salt waves and grew into the great, black river 
of Lamentation. 

Those who had lived nobly or with great courage 
passed to the Elysian Fields. Here they found a land 
of eternal spring. Here they found sunlight, happiness, 
and song. Here they drank of the river Lethe (le' the), 
the river of forgetfulness, and lived pleasantly with the 
dwellers in this fair land. The warrior found horses, a 
chariot, and armor awaiting him; the musician found 
pipes and a lyre; and for the hunter a quiver and a bow. 
Whatever they had loved on earth they found awaiting 
them in the pleasant Elysian Fields. 

Here, before the tribunal of Minos, Hermes saw the 
shades of the dead following the two paths. Shrieks filled 
with dread and woe came from the followers of the path 
to Tartarus, while gentle singing came from those who 
followed the path to the Elysian Fields. 

And now Hermes passed the meadows of Asphodel 
where dwelt the shades of those poor mortals who had 
not lived greatly and yet who had never done any wicked 
deed. Here wandered these dull shades surrounded by 


145 


THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS 


bushes to which no buds came, vines which never bore 
fruit and trees which knew no leaves. Here they wan¬ 
dered like weak ships in a wind, driven here and there, 
knowing no port. 

Now the dark palace loomed grim and forbidding in 
the distance. On every side were signs of Pluto’s wealth. 
Metals shone among the rocks, and gems of brilliant 
hue brought some cheer to the gloomy way. 

The golden doors of the palace opened, and Hermes 
passed the three Fates, sisters, near the throne of the god 
of the underworld, whom they served. The youngest 
spun the thread of life and mingled it well with brilliant 
and dull colors. The second sister twisted it so that it 
was strong here and weak there; joy and woe, hope and 
fear mingled together. The third sister sat with shears 
in hand. Grimly she watched the thread growing. 
Hermes paused. Suddenly she reached forward and with 
a quick motion severed the thread. In a dreadful voice 
she spoke. 

“Prepare to meet one who comes to dwell in our 
realm.” 

Hermes passed on and stood before the throne of 
Pluto. And upon this throne sat the grim lord of the 
underworld, all clad in sable robes, and there, beside 
him, and upon another throne sat Persephone. Near 
her and about her a light seemed to glow, a light 
which lifted somewhat the gloom of the beautiful hall. 


146 
































“Have you the ferryman's fare?" cried Charon in a ter¬ 
rible voice . Some answered yes . . . 

148 


mm 

















Some cried no . “For one hundred years shall you 
shiver on these dread shores” was his answer 

149 










HERMES GOES TO PLUTO’S KINGDOM 


The walls of this hall of the god Pluto were set with 
the precious gems of the earth. Rubies and emeralds 
tried in vain to rival the light shed by the youth of the 
fair Persephone. 

Hermes drew near and spoke: 

“Pluto of the dark locks, Prince of the shades of the 
underworld, giver of the wealth which is in the earth, 
father Zeus bade me bring Persephone forth that her 
mother may behold her.” 

The face of Pluto was dark and stern. On his head 
he wore his magic helmet. This made Hermes know 
that Pluto had some thought of trouble, for this was 
the helmet made by the one-eyed giants, the Cyclopes, 
workers in Hephaestus’ workshop. With this on his 
head Pluto could appear or disappear at will. In his 
hand he held his scepter. 

“Ah, Hermes, guide and speedy-comer, is not the 
mother of the fair Persephone pleased that her daughter 
rules over all the wealth which is in the earth?” 

“Not pleased, powerful Pluto. Instead she has con¬ 
ceived a great anger against the Immortals. She sits 
apart wearing a dark mantle and will not join their 
councils. Now she plans a mighty deed, to destroy all 
that lives on earth, man and plant alike, by withholding 
the seed from the earth.” 

“Then go, Persephone, to your dark-mantled mother, 
go with a gentle spirit in your breast. Though I am 
151 


THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS 


saddened, though joy and light go from my abode and 
from my heart at your going, yet am I no unseemly 
lord. Am I not brother to Zeus, king of the immortals? 
And you, Persephone, remember that over all that dwells 
in this realm, and over all the riches which lie buried 
in the earth, you are the queen. Among the Immortals 
honor and renown shall be yours.” 

So did Pluto speak, and wise Persephone was glad. 
Joyously she arose from her golden throne. 

Then did cunning thought come to Pluto. In vain 
had he tried to tempt Persephone with rich foods. In 
vain had choicest morsels been placed before her, but 
ever was she conscious of the great law of the lower 
world. Now in her gladness at the thought of seeing 
her sorrowing mother might she not forget? In her 
sadness at leaving the lonely god of the underworld 
might she not have it in her heart to please him? Stealth¬ 
ily he took a pomegranate, small and withered, which 
lay on a tripod near-by. Stealthily he took it to the fair 
Persephone. Great care he took that Hermes should not 
see his act. Quickly he offered it with pleasant word, 
this fruit from the world above. And Persephone, all 
forgetful of its meaning, all gladness at her going, ate 
of it, and knew not what she did. 

Then did Pluto make haste, in his heart rejoicing at 
what he knew. The golden chariot was summoned and 
readily did Persephone climb into it. Beside her stepped 
152 


HERMES GOES TO PLUTO’S KINGDOM 

Hermes who took reins and whip in hand. Then the 
fiery-mouthed steeds, all gloomy-black of coat, gladly 
sped from the halls. And from the Homeric Hymns 
we read that: 

Speedily they devoured the long 
way; nor sea, nor rivers, nor grassy glades, nor cliffs 
could stay the rush of the deathless horses; nay, far 
above them they cleft the deep air in their course * 

And Pluto, who stood in his dark entrance, watched 
the golden chariot until it could no longer be seen. His 
face so stern, so forbidding, had on it a look of one who 
holds in his heart a secret, golden and triumphant, and 
is made glad thereby. 

* Andrew Lang tr. 


153 



THE PRAYER OF MORTALS 

Arise and set the maiden free; 

Why should the world such sorrow dree 
By reason of Persephone? 

INGELOW 


154 


Chapter XV 


DEMETER AND 
PERSEPHONE 


S WIFTLY to the fragrant Eleusis sped the sable 
horses and the golden chariot. And Hermes checked 
them not until they stood before the place where Demeter 
sat apart from the gods. When she beheld them, she 
rushed forth to greet her daughter, for whom she grieved 
and for whom she waited. Persephone rejoiced to see 
her mother, so in oneness of heart did they cheer each 
other. Their minds ceased from sorrow, great gladness 
did each give the other. 

The dark veil was pushed back and youth and beauty 
came to the one who had felt aged with grief. Words 
came to the one who had sat long in silence and in sorrow. 
Smiles came to the lips which had been long smileless. 

Seeing Hermes waiting beside the chariot, Demeter 
spoke to him: 

“Some gracious gift I would bestow upon you, good 
Hermes. To me you have brought happiness which had 
seemed lost forever. You were courageous indeed to go 


1SS 


THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS 


to the god of the underworld and take from him that 
which he thought belonged to him. The god Pluto is 
not without power.” 

“What I asked of the god Pluto he gave to me without 
bitterness. Demeter, goddess of the soil, one gracious 
gift I ask, and only that. Answer the summons to the 
immortal council with all seemly speed.” 

“Hermes, be patient. Tarry here while I listen to the 
words of Persephone. She has much to tell me.” 

Then with arms twined about one another, and hearts 
filled with joy, Demeter and Persephone talked together. 

Demeter begged to learn how all had come to pass, 
how such sorrow had come to her, and Persephone gladly 
told the tale. 

“It was on a fair morning that I went forth with the 
friendly nymphs of the sea. 

“We were playing in the lush meadow, dancing 
hither and thither plucking lovely blossoms. Crocuses 
were there and hyacinths, roses, and lilies. Then did I 
see a narcissus plant blooming wondrously. 

From 

its root grew forth a hundred blossoms, and with 
its fragrant odor the wide heaven above and the 
whole earth laughed and the salt wave of the sea . 

. . . Gladly was I gathering them when the earth 
gaped beneath, and therefrom leaped the mighty 
Prince, host of many guests, and he bore me against 


156 






“Gladly was l gathering them when the earth gaped 
beneath , and therefrom leaped the mighty Prince , 
158 









host of many guests, and he bore me against my will, 
despite my grief, beneath the earth . . ? 

159 



















DEMETER AND PERSEPHONE 

my will, despite my grief, beneath the earth, in his 

golden chariot; and shrilly did l cry .* 

“Dear daughter, it was that cry, ringing over the 
mountain peaks and across the wide seas, which came 
to my ears.” 

And Persephone told more of her story. 

“So long, dear mother, as I beheld the earth and the 
teeming sea beneath me, so long hope warmed my heart. 
It was then my cry rang over the mountain peaks and 
across the wide seas.” 

“Ah, Persephone, in answer to your cry, I sped like 
a bird over land and sea in my yearning, but none could 
tell me of you.” 

More of the tale was told; then came Hecate and stood 
before Demeter and Persephone, where they sat together, 
and greatly did she rejoice when she saw the holy 
daughter. From that day did she declare herself to be 
the queenly comrade and handmaiden of Persephone. 

When all joyous words had been said and quiet had 
come to Demeter and Persephone, a thought which took 
all gladness from her came to the mother—the thought 
of the law of the Underworld. 

She turned to her daughter with fear at her heart. 

“Persephone, a thought comes to me that I would I 
could put from me.” 

* From Lang’s tr. Homeric Hymns. 


161 



THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS 


“Tell me, mother, what it is that troubles you ” Per¬ 
sephone spoke softly. 

Demeter turned to her. 

“Tell me, child,” she said, “did any morsel of food pass 
your lips while you stayed in the world below?” 

Then was the fair brow of Persephone wrinkled in 
thought. Slowly the joy which lighted her face faded. 
Tears came to her as she answered her august mother. 

“Mother Demeter, something comes to my mind,— 
but how can this be?” 

“Tell me, child, all that is in your heart.” And fear 
pierced the heart of Demeter. 

Without joy Persephone told how in her hunger she 
had remembered the law, though foods, tempting and 
rich, were placed before her. “Then,” she said, “when 
the swift messenger, Hermes, came to tell me of my 
going from the underworld I was filled with joy. And 
the Prince of that realm, in his cunning bade me, before 
my going, taste the seeds of a sweet pomegranate, so 
like the food I had known above. Alas, I fear that a 
few seeds did pass my lips.” And Persephone wept. 

Slowly the mother spoke: 

“But how could this thing be? This law you knew 
full well.” 

Persephone’s grief grew more bitter, she fell to the 
earth and through her tears she spoke. 

“Joy at my going to the world above swept all thoughts 
162 


DEMETER AND PERSEPHONE 

from me and it was not until this moment that I had 
full knowledge of what I did.” 

The mother arose and lifted the sorrowing Persephone. 

“Be not too full of anguish, my child. What I can, 
that I will do. Come, let us go and sit in the council 
of the gods. Zeus and all the Immortals will see that 
justice is done. What power I have, I shall use so that 
the decree be not made too severe.” 

And so it was that the sable horses drew them to 
Olympus. Hermes, who had waited for the time when 
Demeter would answer the summons of Zeus, guided 
the reins. 


163 


DEMETER, BREATHE THINE INFLUENCE 

Sacred Goddess, Mother Earth, 

Thou from whose immortal bosom 
Gods and men and beasts have birth, 

Leaf and blade, and bud, and blossom, 

Breathe thine influence most divine 
On thine own child, Proserpine . 

If with mists of evening dew 
Thou dost nourish these young flowers 
Till they grow in scent and hue 
Fairest children of the Hours, 

Breathe thine influence most divine 
On thine own child, Proserpine. 

SHELLEY 

The Roman name for Persephone was Pros er' pin a, some¬ 
times called, as here, Pros er pine'. 


164 


Chapter XVI 




DEMETER RETURNS 
TO OLYMPUS 


W ITHOUT loss of time the sable horses sped over 
the wide spaces, and Demeter stood before the 
palace of Zeus. The golden doors to the great hall 
swung wide, and Demeter, giver of goodly crops, stood 
before the celestial council. Beside her stood holy Per¬ 
sephone. Before them went the winged messenger. 
With silvery voice Hermes spoke: 

“Great Zeus, Demeter with her holy daughter is 
before you.” 

Then all of the immortals gave greeting to Demeter 
and Persephone, and Zeus bade the fair-tressed mother 
come nearer to him. When she had obeyed his com¬ 
mand, he spoke to her and kindness was in his voice. 

“How comes this misunderstanding between us, holy 
Demeter?” 

Then Demeter answered the great Zeus: 

“Grief, dread and bitter, filled my heart at the loss 
of my fair daughter, father Zeus.” 

165 



THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS 


“Demeter, giver of fruitfulness to the earth, was there 
no honor in knowing that the fair Persephone sat upon 
a throne in a kingdom of great wealth, one of the three 
kingdoms of the universe ?” 

“What was honor to me if my eyes were never to 
behold my daughter again? How could I know of her 
happiness? Great wealth alone cannot bring happiness, 
not even to the heart of a god.” 

“True words you speak, mother of Persephone, but 
could you not trust the great Zeus to think of all things 
with wisdom?” 

“Ah, father of all, no message was brought to tell me 
that this plan came from the heart of Zeus. And when 
the mountain peaks rang with the sorrowful cry of Per¬ 
sephone, and none came with tidings of her, then I knew 
only bitterness.” 

The celestial beings who sat upon the golden thrones 
about the room had listened well as Zeus and Demeter 
talked together. Now, Poseidon, brother of Zeus, 
brother of Pluto, spoke. 

“And why, great Zeus, did my brother Pluto, ruler 
of the realm beneath the earth, take secretly the fair 
Persephone? Had Demeter known of the plan, then 
her heart would not have been filled with anger.” 

Zeus, to this, made answer that Pluto had indeed erred. 

Now the other gods, eager to offer words of advice, 
called upon Zeus to hear them. 


166 




“Great Zeus, Demeter with her holy daughter 
is before you” 

168 

























Then all of the immortals gave greeting to 
Demeter and Persephone 
169 










DEMETER RETURNS TO OLYMPUS 


Ares, god of war, spoke first: 

“All powerful Zeus, let Pluto be called before this 
council and proper punishment be given him. He has 
sinned against one of the greatest of the gods. The 
thunderbolts forged in my workshop are—” 

Athene, goddess of wisdom, interrupted quickly: 

“Let us not think so much of punishment for Pluto, 
the king of the underworld, as of justice for Demeter, 
the giver of goodly crops. Let us consider carefully 
what we know and then decide whether it is just to all 
for Persephone to be given back to her mother.” 

Hera, wife of Zeus, and queen of the gods, made 
answer: 

“Surely it is just for a mother to be given her daughter.” 

Then Hephaestus, artist and craftsman of the gods, 
remembering the sadness of Dionysus, spoke. 

“Let Persephone dwell with her mother that fruitful¬ 
ness may come back to the vine.” 

Then was heard the voice of Hestia, goddess of the 
hearth. 

“Surely Persephone must dwell with her mother that 
the prayers about the hearths of mortals shall once again 
be filled with happiness.” 

Apollo spoke with thoughtfulness. 

“Is it just, great Zeus, to think naught of Pluto? It 
was his hope to bring joy to his dreary abode. We must 
not forget that he is one of the three great gods.” 

171 


THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS 


“Is it just to forget,” urged the fair Aphrodite, “that 
his heart was moved with love and kindliness toward 
the fair Persephone?” 

Then spoke Artemis, goddess of the hunt. 

“Must we waste thought on Pluto, god of the under¬ 
world, while the beasts of the forests die because of his 
wrongdoing?” 

Then the great Zeus spoke slowly: 

“Now have we all spoken the thoughts of our hearts.” 

Demeter looked anxiously toward her daughter, but 
before words came, Athene spoke again, voicing what 
lay deepest in all their hearts: 

“In our eagerness to bring fruitfulness back to the 
earth, great Zeus, are we not forgetting a question of 
great importance? Has the fair Persephone remembered 
the one great law of the underworld?” 

Sighing deeply, Demeter spoke: 

“It is of that I wish to speak, O wise Athene. It is 
true that the great law of the kingdom under the earth 
was swept from my thoughts in my joy at sight of my 
fair daughter. Then after many words of happiness 
had been spoken the dread thought returned.” Demeter 
bowed her head. 

Then Zeus turned to Persephone and spoke. Though 
his voice was kind, a stern note was there, too. 

“Child, have you tasted of any food in the kingdom 
of Pluto? Think well upon your answer. If no food 


172 


DEMETER RETURNS TO OLYMPUS 


has passed your lips, then shall you dwell in honor among 
the Immortals, but if you have satisfied your hunger, 
then must you dwell beneath the hollows of the earth” 

Each god upon his golden throne leaned forward, 
better to hear the answer of Persephone. 

Her voice came clearly though her head was bowed. 

“Alas, father Zeus, I have tasted food.” 

A hush fell upon the council of the immortals. 

Then did Demeter tell the tale even as Persephone 
had told her. When she had finished, the gods pondered 
long; then Zeus, the greatest and most powerful, spoke, 
weighing all that he knew. 

“Let us now think carefully of what we know. First 
Pluto erred in taking Persephone unwillingly and with¬ 
out word to Demeter—but not without reason. He 
feared that the thought of living in the underworld 
would fill the fair Persephone’s heart with fear and also 
the heart of her mother, the fair-tressed Demeter. So 
he conceived the plan of taking her unawares and then 
when she had beheld the precious stones and rich metals 
beneath the earth, and the kindliness and love in the 
heart of Pluto, he thought she would find joy in that 
kingdom over which she would be queen. 

“Then there was error in the belief that Demeter 
would feel that honor had come to her house when her 
daughter became one of the three great queens. 

“When these things were known on Olympus it was 


173 


THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS 


my desire that justice should be done. For this reason 
we have brought Persephone back to her mother, while 
the gods in peaceful council shall decide all things wisely. 

“Though Apollo, god of light, and Aphrodite, goddess 
of love and beauty, have urged some thought for Pluto, 
all of the other gods of this council have urged the return 
of Persephone to her mother and this, to me, seemed just. 
Now comes before us the great law of the lower realm. 
This law must remain unbroken.” 

Athene, goddess of wisdom, spoke thoughtfully. 

“It was only by craftiness that Pluto accomplished this, 
great Zeus, and never was the hunger of the child satis¬ 
fied. ’Twas, after all, but a few seeds of a pomegranate 
which passed her lips. Is it not possible to carry out 
this law of the underworld and yet cause little grief?” 

“Some such thought comes to me, wise Athene. Since 
Pluto erred in many ways, and caused through craftiness 
the breaking of the law of the underworld, and since the 
food taken by the child was but a small morsel, I decree 
that Persephone shall at proper time return again and 
dwell beneath the hollows of the earth a portion of the 
year. The other portion of the year shall she dwell 
with her mother and the other Immortals upon Olympus. 
Does this decree seem fair to the great council?” 

The gods upon their thrones gave word of approval, 
and Persephone stood close to her mother, murmuring 
words which came clearly to the ears of Athene. 


174 


DEMETER RETURNS TO OLYMPUS 

Then Demeter, giver of goodly crops, spoke with 
kindness and yet with a firmness which no immortal 
dared deny. 

“Great Zeus, it is not in my power to give fruitfulness 
to the earth while my heart yearns for my daughter. So 
in that portion of the year, when Persephone dwells in 
the murky gloom, shall the seeds of Demeter be hidden. 
And in that portion of the year when Persephone dwells 
with me the seeds shall burst from their hiding and cover 
the wide earth with fruits and flowers.” 

Again the immortals were filled with foreboding. 

“Ah, great Zeus,” Athene spoke in a voice of pleading, 
“Make not the time too long when Persephone shall 
dwell beneath the hollows of the earth.” 

Again the great Zeus pondered, then slowly made 
reply. 

“A third portion of the year shall Persephone dwell 
in the kingdom below the earth and during the other 
two-thirds portion of the year shall she dwell with her 
mother. When the earth blossoms with fragrant flowers, 
that shall be spring, but when the flowers are hidden, 
that shall be winter. Give ear, Demetcr, for my com¬ 
mand must prevail. During this portion of the year 
Persephone shall dwell with the Olympians and therefore 
I declare this to be the season of fruitfulness.” 

And thereto the great Zeus nodded his powerful head. 


175 


PERSEPHONE 

And when, in springtime, with sweet-smelling 
flowers 

Of various kjnds the earth doth bloom, thou’lt come 
Prom gloomy darkness bac\—a mighty joy 
To gods and mortal men . 

HOMERIC HYMN 
Bui finch’s Age of Fable 


176 


Chapter XVII 


THE END OF THE 
OLYMPIC COUNCIL 

T HUS ended the decree of Zeus. There was silence 
in the great hall as the Gods waited to learn if any 
anger remained in the heart of Demeter, for she stood 
without speaking. 

Athene, goddess of wisdom, went to her and spoke 
soft words. 

“Demeter, giver of all good things, did you hear the 
voice of Persephone when she said that it saddened her 
because Pluto had no wish for her to leave him? Surely 
Persephone cannot be wholly unhappy in his realm.” 
Then Persephone spoke: 

“Dear Mother Demeter, it is true that it is my dearest 
wish to dwell with you and the other Immortals, but 
it is also true that Pluto treats me with kindness in his 
gloomy abode. Then, too, it is pleasant to lighten some¬ 
what the murky darkness of the rich palace beneath the 
earth. So, dear mother, be cheered in knowing that 
the far-seeing Zeus, the lord of the deep thunder, has 



177 


THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS 


decreed that your child for the third part of each year, 
shall dwell within the murky darkness of the rich palace 
beneath the earth, but the other two parts with her 
mother and the rest of the Immortals. So he has prom¬ 
ised and so shall it be, for thereto he has nodded his 
great head.” 

Yet Demeter stood in silence, and again Athene, god¬ 
dess of wisdom, spoke: 

“Be not too unrelenting, great Demeter. A third 
portion of the year is not overlong. Go forth with 
gladness and increase now the grain that brings life to 
man and beast, for this is the season in which Persephone 
dwells with the Immortals.” 

Then at last did Demeter speak, and there was a 
great calm in her voice. 

“Know you all, Olympic gods, that the heart of 
Demeter knows that justice has been done, and know 
you, great father of all, that I disobey not the commands 
of Zeus.” 

Then there was rejoicing among all of the celestials. 
Each one came with fair words for Demeter and her 
daughter. Each one thought of the joy that would now 
return to the realm he guarded, to the beasts who were 
sacred to him, to the mortals whose hearts had so long 
been filled with fear. 

Then fair words came from the lips of Demeter. 

“I speak with sorrow. Much suffering I caused 
178 



















“When winter ends, and spring serenely shines, 
Then fat the lambs, then mellow are the wines, 
180 




















Then sweet are slumbers on the flowery ground, 

Then with thic\ shades are lofty mountains crowned ” 

181 




































THE END OF THE OLYMPIC COUNCIL 


through my great bitterness. Too little faith I had in 
our immortal council.” 

Then Zeus made answer: 

“Those are gracious words from one who has suffered, 
one who has had some cause for bitterness. What may 
seem fair to one may not seem fair to another. There¬ 
fore we must keep from secret councils, for justice can 
be done if we seek one another and speak with truth all 
the thoughts of our hearts.” 

Athene spoke with kindness in her voice, and a look 
of hope in her thoughtful face. 

“Some good may come from all this suffering if it 
has taught us to trust one another more fully.” 

All of the immortals, save Ares alone, received this 
thought warmly. Ares stood apart, a scowl upon his 
brow. If all the realms of the universe were suddenly 
to cast out secret councils and speak at all times with 
truth and fairness, then where would come the chance 
for misunderstanding? And if there were no misunder¬ 
standings, then what need would there ever be for his 
thunderbolts? Where would he ever show his great 
prowess? No one saw the unhappy thoughts of Ares. 
All eyes were upon Demeter. 

Lovingly the goddess of the harvest took Persephone 
by the hand and through the entrance of the great hall 
they passed from sight. 

Without waiting, the celestials followed Demeter from 


183 


THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS 


the lofty room. Silently they stood among the clouds 
and looked after the goddess of the harvest. 

Swiftly Demeter and her fair daughter sped down 
from the peaks of Olympus and came to the bare fields 
of earth. They lay fallow and leafless. The white barley 
grain was hidden and the furrows were empty of corn. 

As the celestials watched with eager eyes, Demeter of 
the fair garland went among the fields. Speedily she 
sent up the green stalks of grain, buds came upon the 
trees, fruitfulness returned to the vine, and the wide 
earth became heavy with leaves and flowers. Again the 
deep-voiced kine, broad of brow, munched the dewy 
grass; again fleet deer sped over wooded hills, and again 
tall sheep, thick of fleece, grazed the green meadows. 
The streams fed from fresh springs glistened and danced 
as they hurried onward to the sea. 

On hill and valley, mountain and plain, mortals raised 
their arms in worship before the altars of their gods. 
The sacred thigh bones of the animals of the sacrifice 
were well wrapped in fat and thrown upon the blazing 
wood on the altar and the fragrance arose to the cloudy 
heights where the celestials watched, taking pleasure and 
honor from the sweet sacrifice of mortals. After pour¬ 
ing out pure libations of gleaming wine, the joints were 
eaten by a glad people in a gay festival. After they had 
feasted and crowned the victors in running, in wrestling, 
and in boxing they worshiped their gods with music. 

184 


THE END OF THE OLYMPIC COUNCIL 


Boys in the first bloom of their youth, skilled at the dance, 
moved with twinkling feet to the rhythm of the clear- 
toned lyres. Balls, beautiful in color and light as air, 
were tossed toward the shadowy clouds as they danced 
over the bounteous earth. Minstrels were stirred to un¬ 
tried songs telling of the greatness of the gods on 
Olympus. 

And then as the sun lighted the faces of the wor¬ 
shiping mortals, the great father saw that their hearts 
were filled with gladness and their prayers with earnest 
thanksgiving. 


185 


THE IMMORTAL BANQUET 
Each to his lips applied the nectared urn, 

And unextinguished laughter shakes the skies. 
Thus the blest gods and the genial day prolong, 
In feast ambrosial, and celestial song . 

Apollo tuned the lyre; the Muses round 
With voice alternate aid the silver sound. 
Meantime the radiant sun to mortal sight 
Descending swift, rolled down the rapid light: 
Then to their starry domes the gods depart, 

The shining monuments of Vulcan's art: 

Jove on his couch reclined his awful head, 

And Juno slumbered on the golden bed . 

THE ILIAD 
Popes translation 

Zeus is the Roman Jove. 

Hera is the Roman Juno. 

Hephaestus is the Roman Vulcan. 


186 



Chapter XVIII 



THE BANQUET 
OF THE GODS 


HEN the wide earth was covered with fruit and 



V V flowers and the hearts of mortals were again filled 
with thankfulness, then did the great Zeus turn to the 
celestials and he spoke in winged words: 

“What greater moment could come in the immortal 
lives of the gods more fitting for a time of rejoicing 
together? Gladness has returned to earth and peace 
to Olympus. Come let us gather in the royal hall of 
Zeus. Let Hebe, sweet daughter, goddess of youth and 
cup-bearer to the gods, bring us the shining cups and 
fill them to the brim with golden nectar. 

“Let us celebrate fittingly the beginning of Perse¬ 
phone’s season with her mother.” Then he turned to 
Hermes, “Go, with all haste, Hermes, bid the fair-tressed 
Demeter leave her labors and come with the speed of 
thought to rejoice with the celestials over the return of 
Persephone, the coming of spring to the earth. Let the 
joyous Dionysus be brought to us also.” 


187 



THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS 


Then Hephaestus spoke: 

“Good Sire, I left Dionysus bowed with grief in my 
workshop in the heart of the mountain.” 

And Zeus made answer: 

“Ah, good Hermes, go to him. Tell him to choose 
for himself a fresh garland and come to us in joyous 
mood. Bring also the nine Muses and the three Graces. 
Let our eyes be gladdened with graceful dances and our 
ears with sweet music while Hebe, cup-bearer to the 
gods, ministers to us.” 

Then did Hephaestus speak again: 

“There, too, I left golden tripods, and cups of rare 
design, to grace your banquet, father Zeus. Let Hermes 
direct the tripods and they of their own power may 
bear the precious cups hither.” 

“Let it be so, Hephaestus. Go with all speed, Hermes.” 

“I go, great Zeus, glad bearer of joyous messages.” 

In the shining banquet hall of Zeus the white-armed 
Hera sat, her peacock by her side. Iris, her messenger, 
and Hebe, cup-bearer to the gods, were making ready 
the banquet hall for the celestial guests. 

The tripods moved silently into the great hall. Many 
bore food for the use of the gods at the celestial ban¬ 
quet. Others were laden with poppies, with lilies and 
with dittanies. Hera, fair queen, smiled as she looked 
at the white blossoms and ash-like leaves of the dittany, 
for it was her favorite flower. 


188 


THE BANQUET OF THE GODS 


The shining doors swung wide and more tripods, 
fresh from the workshop of Hephaestus, entered. Of 
rare design they were—and all of shining gold. On them 
were borne cups of gold with rims of silver for the nectar, 
youth-giving draft of the gods. There were shallow 
bowls of shining silver with rims of gold for the am¬ 
brosia, food for the immortals. 

No sooner were the tripods in place than the golden 
doors swung wide and the celestials, in shining proces¬ 
sion, entered the great hall. Hebe and Iris stood near 
the white-armed Hera as the immortal guests gathered 
together. 

Zeus, king of the gods, entered first. His all-seeing 
eyes were filled with pleasure as he beheld his banquet 
hall in readiness. Beside his queen the great god sat, 
enthroned in gold. Poseidon, ruler of the salt-sea floods, 
took his place near the great Zeus, his brother. 

Athene, the gray-eyed goddess of wisdom, followed 
with stately tread. Ares, god of war, walked beside 
her. His attendants he had left behind. He knew that 
they were no fit companions on this occasion. 

Hephaestus, artist and craftsman for the gods, fol¬ 
lowed. Dionysus, lover of peace and joyousness, was by 
his side. A garland fresh and gay decked his head. 

Then came the fair Aphrodite, goddess of love and 
beauty. The three Graces, goddesses of the banquet, 
the dance, and all courtesies attended her. 


189 


THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS 


Hestia, goddess of the hearth, entered with dignity 
to grace the banquet hall for only a brief moment. 
Artemis, goddess of the hunt and the moon, with her 
brother Apollo, god of music, of prophecy, and of the 
sun, stepped lightly through the doorway followed by 
the nine Muses. 

Then came Demeter, great goddess for whom they 
waited, and to whom they wished to give honor. In 
her arms she carried a horn of plenty from which poured 
forth luscious fruits and gay flowers as she walked. 
Beside Demeter, with arm entwined in her mother’s, 
came the fair Persephone. 

The celestial assembly arose and raised their cups of 
gold. With graceful steps fair Hebe carried the golden 
nectar from cup to cup until all were filled. Then all 
the place rang with feasting and with gladness. ’Twas 
then the winged Hermes, swift messenger, entered the 
golden doors closing them behind him. 

Zeus addressed him thus: 

“Come, good Hermes, your work is well done. The 
celestials wait in joyous circle. Join us and sip the 
golden nectar in honor of Demeter, goddess of plenty!” 

When all had sipped the youth-giving nectar, the fair- 
tressed Graces three circled in rhythmic dance. Then 
Hebe, fair cup-bearer, and Aphrodite, fair goddess of 
love and beauty, stepping lightly, joined the circle. 
Artemis, goddess of the chase, divinely tall, led the 


190 



Spring, with green draperies flowing and bright flowers 
falling on every side, danced a glad, gay dance . . . 
191 








THE BANQUET OF THE GODS 


Muses in stately dance. Among them sported Ares, 
while Phoebus Apollo moved with measured step, play¬ 
ing the lyre. Light issued from twinkling feet and fair- 
woven raiment. 

Song, poetry, and music blended in celestial harmony, 
lead by the joy-inspiring Muses. Ever the gay voice of 
Dionysus could be heard in laughter and in song while 
Hebe, with immortal hands, poured nectar into the 
shining bowls. 

Once more Zeus, celestial host, sent his winged mes¬ 
senger on speedy errand. Once more the golden doors 
opened. The goddesses of the seasons entered the ban¬ 
quet hall. Though they had care of the clouds which 
shut Olympus from mortal view, all labors of the im¬ 
mortals had ceased while joyousness held sway. 

“Welcome,” cried the celestials, “welcome to the 
goddesses of the fruitful seasons!” 

Summer with her arms filled with grain, and Autumn 
laden with grapes and fruit, stood watching. Spring, 
with green draperies flowing and bright flowers falling 
on every side, danced a glad, gay dance which moved 
the gods to such laughter and applause that the sky 
shook gently. 

And thus was the genial day gladdened with silver 
sound until the radiant sun descended and was shut from 
sight of mortals. Then did the gods depart to their 
Olympic palaces or descended in slanting flight to their 
193 


THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS 


earthly haunts. Spring danced forth joyously to gladden 
hill and valley with her bright draperies and her sweet 
laughter. 

And now Zeus, the greatest of the gods, walked among 
the stars, and again stood alone, looking down upon 
the earth below. A great peace filled his heart as he 
saw sleep come to valley and mountain where happiness 
had returned to man and beast. 

Sleep broods o'er the mountain crest, 

And the folds of the hill, 

Hollow and headland rest, 

Silent and still. 

All things are slumbering, 

Not a leaf is stirred, 

Of insect or creeping thing 
No rustle is heard. 

The beasts of the mountain sleep, 

And the murmuring bees, 

And the monsters that haunt the deep 
Of the purple seas; 

The swift winged tribes of the air 
Have ceased from their flight . . . 

NIGHT IN THE VALLEY 
J. A. Pott 


194 


GLOSSARY and INDEX 
















INDEX 


Aegis (e' gis) 38 

Amphitrite (am phi tri' te) 54 
Aphrodite (af ro dl' te) 81-87 

Apollo (a pol' lo) 99-105 

Ares (a' reez) 71-79 

Ares, attendants of 72 

Enyo 
Discord 
Dread 
Terror 
Alarm 
Fear 


Artemis (ar' te mis) 60-69 

Asphodel (ass fo del') 145 

Athene (ath e' ne) 73*79 

Atlas (at' las) 24 

Caduceus (ca du' she us) 33 
Cerberus (ser' her us) 141 

Chalybes (kal' i beez) a 
people noted as workers 
in iron 43 

Charon (ka' ron) 142 

Cronus (krd' nus) 23 

Cyclopes or Cyclops 

(sy clo peez') or (sy' clops) 89 
Cyprus (si' prus) 81 

Demeter (de me' ter) 113-139 
and 155-185 
Dionysus (di o nl' sus) 95 

Danaides (da na' i deez) 142 

Eleusis (e lu' sis) a place 
sacred to the worship of 
Demeter 121 


Elysian Fields (e lizh' an) 145 

Fates 146 

Furies 142 

Galatea (gal a te' a) 45 

Graces 85 

Hebe (he' be) 187 

Hecate (hek' a te) 117-119 

Hephaestus (he fes' tus) 89-97 
Hera (he' ra) 37'43 

Hermes (her' meez) 33'35 

Hestia (hes' ti a) 107-m 


Hyperian (hi pe' ri on) a 
Titan, father of Helios, 
the sun god. In later 
times Helios and Apol¬ 


lo were the same 70 

Iris (i' ris) 42, 113 

Lamentation, river of 145 

Lethe (le' the), river of 145 

Minos 142 

Muses 60-68 

Calliope (cal ll' o pe) 62 

Clio (ell' o) 62 

Polyhymnia (pol y hym' ni a) 62 
Erato (er' a to) 62 

Euterpe (eu ter' pe) 62 

Terpsichore (terp sick' o re) 62 
Urania (u ra' ni a) 67 

Thalia (tho ll' a) 67 

Melpomene (mel pom' e ne) 67 

Naiads (na' yads) 46 


197 


INDEX 


198 

Olympus (o lym' pus) 23 

Pan 113-117 

Parnassus (par nas' us) the 
haunt of Apollo, the 
Muses and the Nymphs 
and hence the home of 


music and poetry 105 

Pegasus (peg' a sus) 104 

Persephone (per sef' o ne) 

118, 132, 155-163 
Pluto 141-153 

Poseidon (po si' don) 45-49 


Prometheus (pro me' 

thus) 24 

Proteus (pr 5 ' te us) 

46 

Sirens 

45 

Styx (sticks) 

I 4 I 

Tartarus (tar' tar us) 

142 

Titans (ti' tans) 

23, 142 

Themis (the' mis) 

i 37 

Thetis (the' tis) 

45 

Triton (trl' ton) 

52 

Zeus 

23-31 





































































